Se discutirán los resultados de un estudio piloto, que forma parte de un proyecto mayor, orientado al análisis transcultural de la preocupación ambiental y su relación con la conducta ecológica. El propósito de este artículo es mostrar los resultados obtenidos de la aplicación del instrumento creado en España para probarlo en la realidad chilena, donde no se contaba con un instrumento pertinente que evaluara estos factores a nivel local. El método contempla la comparación de los resultados entre estudiantes chilenos (n = 88) y españoles (n = 149), a quienes se les aplica un cuestionario de conducta y preocupación ambiental. Los resultados indican diferencias entre ambos grupos, los cuales se analizan en función del modelo de conceptualización multidimensional de la preocupación por el medio ambiente manifestada en cuatro tipologías actitudinales: apático, antropocéntrico, conectado y afinidad emocional (Amérigo et al., 2012). Se considera, de igual forma, el papel importante de las variables culturales y psicosociales involucradas en los resultados. En las conclusiones se describe la importancia de contar con instrumentos que permitan iniciar estudios en el contexto chileno en el área, considerando los factores contextuales, como la agudización de la crisis ambiental en el país, la preocupación ciudadana sobre la situación y la necesidad de realizar estudios transculturales para seguir profundizando en el conocimiento de la temática a nivel mundial.
In Spain, hazardous household waste management by citizens occurs via fixed recycling centres (FRC) and mobile recycling centres (MRC) which usually depend on local governments. This paper addresses a request by the Madrid City Council, in an attempt to improve the service it provides to the city of Madrid. The aim of the study involved analysing the information people possess in relation to hazardous waste and to the use of available equipment, and conducting a post-evaluation of the effectiveness of an environmental communication campaign conducted by the Madrid City Council and aimed at providing awareness of the existence of new FRCs and MRCs. To this end, a questionnaire was conducted with 5644 inhabitants of the city of Madrid. Qualitative data was categorized using content analysis followed by chi-squared tests, considering some socio-demographic characteristics of the sample, such as age or place of residence (district). Communication campaigns influenced citizen awareness of what constituted hazardous waste, of how to properly separate waste and of the existence of FRCs and MRCs. However, few citizens actually used FRCs or MRC (18% across four districts), a fact that might be related to a lack of knowledge of downstream waste treatment issues, or to self-limiting hindrances to householders, such as distance to recycling centres. It is recommended that future communication campaigns investigate householder needs and pre-conceptions in relation to recycling, as well as tailored education aimed at addressing the barriers, perceived or otherwise, facing citizens.
This study aims to examine the role that gender plays in sustainable consumption (SC) initiatives and environmental communication that encourages sustainable consumption and pro-environmental behaviour in Madrid. To do so, this project uses a qualitative methodology to perform a text analysis of 10 sustainable consumption guides and to hold personal interviews (eight experts in environmental communication and training on SC in Spain or/and Madrid) and four group interviews (different people involved in SC initiatives and projects in Madrid). The results describe the consumption-gender relationship in the practice and discourse of the initiatives studied and the people interviewed. We observe that the interviewees encounter several difficulties when applying a gender perspective on sustainable consumption initiatives. This perspective is not very visible in the discourse. The interviewees agree that applying the gender perspective is a chance to transform consumption discourses and practices in order to contribute to greater social justice as part of sustainability. Among the findings, we can highlight the presence of reflections on gender in the discourses, but they are a minority in regular communication on SC and still insufficient in SC practices.
Se presentan dos estudios complementarios, que tienen como objetivo analizar la gestión ambiental del municipio de Madrid desde una perspectiva que considera diversas miradas: la ciudadana, desde los técnicos y la experta. Se ha utilizado el método mixto, que considera tanto técnicas cualitativas como cuantitativas para la recolección de datos. Entre otras, se recurrió al análisis documental, revisión de quejas ciudadanas presentadas al sistema de Sugerencias y Reclamaciones (SyR) del ayuntamiento (N= 932), y la realización de entrevistas a expertos y gestores locales. Los resultados entregan datos que permiten verificar problemas en la gestión y comunicación municipal, que mantienen los conflictos ambientales. En las conclusiones, se valora el rol de la educación ambiental como complemento de otros mecanismos inherentes a la administración (gestión, legislación, inversión). Se generan propuestas para mejorar la gestión ambiental desde la mayor participación y la comunicación con los ciudadanos, como forma de desarrollar acciones educativas y una gestión ambiental más eficiente desde la administración pública. X
By adopting a multidimensional approach to environmental attitudes (apathy, anthropocentrism, connectedness and emotional affinity with nature), this study explores the relationships between these dimensions, social dominance orientation (SDO) and political orientation. Two hundred and sixty-two Chilean university students filled out an ad hoc online questionnaire. Two confirmatory factorial analyses showed the four typologies of environmental attitudes and the two factors for SDO, which are labelled group dominance and opposition to equality. Through hierarchical regressions, group dominance showed higher explanatory power of environmental attitudes than political orientation. Furthermore, using the bootstrap procedure we showed that group dominance mediated between political orientation and attitudes of apathy, anthropocentrism and connectedness, while opposition to equality mediated between apathy and emotional affinity. We conclude that SDO is an important variable for measuring political ideology while also providing new nuances when analysing the relationships with environmental attitudes.
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