Within the limits of this study, a 1% HA gel associated with a collagen scaffold can improve new bone formation in critical-size defects. However, this treatment never resulted in complete closure of the defects and healing in the major portion of the defects was characterized by fibrous tissue.

DM may produce a significant detrimental effect on BD. EMD may provide greater DF under diabetic or normal conditions; however, it may not significantly increase NCF in animals with DM.

Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that the aluminum oxide blast surface treatment may increase the degree of BIC but cannot overcome the detrimental effect of tobacco smoke on bone around titanium implants.

EMD may provide increased defect fill and cementum formation in the presence or absence of CSI. However, tobacco smoke produced a detrimental effect on bone healing when density of newly formed bone was considered.

Short-term CSI increases early bone loss in association with OT after 7 d, and this worsens in severity after 14 d of exposure.

CS may produce a significant detrimental effect on BD. EMD may provide greater DF compared to non-treated control in the presence of CS and increased BD and NCF in the presence or absence of CS.

Alcohol intake may produce a significant detrimental effect on BD and new cementum formation, even in sites treated with EMD. A limited positive effect may be expected after EMD treatment under this condition.

As life expectancy increases, a larger number of elderly people require dental health care attention for implant-supported rehabilitation, with the aim of restoring the function and aesthetics of the oral cavity. Most of these patients have lost their teeth long time ago, causing a severe bone resorption and maxillary sinus pneumatization. Therefore, the current study aims to demonstrate, through the description of the clinical case, the treatment with zygomatic implants as an option for treating severely atrophic maxillas. In this clinical study, the patient presented, in the clinical and image evaluation, severe alveolar bone atrophy, with height and thickness loss, in addition to a high-level pneumatization of the maxillary sinus, bilaterally. The classical zygomatic fixation technique was suggested, with 2 anterior conventional implants and 2 zygomatic implants in the posterior region with the placement of implant-supported prosthesis with immediate loading. The patient was monitored for 7 years and did not present pain complaints, absence of infection, or implant loss. Based on this clinical case study, it was concluded that the zygomatic implants are satisfactory options to aid the implant-supported rehabilitation of atrophic maxillas.