DWI is a reliable noninvasive technique with good diagnostic accuracy for LF staging. Using b ≥ 800 s/mm, high-field strength (3.0 T) and IVIM-DWI can optimize the diagnostic performance of DWI.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic performance of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the preoperative prediction of the histological grade of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Materials and MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed in several authoritative databases to identify relevant articles. QUADAS-2 was used to assess the quality of included studies. Data were extracted to calculate the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and negative likelihood ratio (NLR). Summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves were derived and areas under the SROC curve (AUC) were computed to indicate the diagnostic accuracy. Heterogeneity test, meta-regression analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed to identify factors and studies contributed to the heterogeneity.ResultsA total of 11 studies with 912 HCCs were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR and NLR with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 0.54(0.47–0.61), 0.90(0.87–0.93), 4.88(2.99–7.97) and 0.46(0.27–0.77) for the prediction of well-differentiated HCC (w-HCC), 0.84(0.78–0.89), 0.48(0.43–0.52), 2.29(1.43–3.69) and 0.30(0.22–0.41) for the prediction of poorly-differentiated HCC (p-HCC). The AUC were 0.9311 and 0.8513 in predicting w-HCC and p-HCC, respectively. Results were further evaluated according to the method of image interpretation. Significant heterogeneity was observed.ConclusionDWI had excellent and moderately high diagnostic accuracy for the detection of w-HCC and p-HCC, respectively. Nonetheless, further studies in larger populations and an optimized image acquisition and interpretation are required before DWI-derived parameters can be used as a useful image biomarker for the prediction of the histological grade of HCC.
Purpose: To assess the association between body fat components and survival status and tumor response for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Patients and Methods: Patients with pathologically diagnosed and radiologically indicated mRCC were enrolled into the retrospective study. Three body fat components: total fat accumulation (TFA), visceral fat accumulation (VFA) and subcutaneous fat accumulation (SFA) were measured using standard CT scans. The clinical outcomes included progressionfree survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and tumor response rates. Univariate analysis and multivariate Cox proportion hazard regression models were used to find associated parameters and to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio (HR). Results: A total of 146 patients were enrolled and the average age of patients was 56.5 years old. According to the univariate analysis, patients with an increased SFA and TFA had a longer PFS and OS. A similar phenomenon was observed among patients with ≥2 increasing body fat components about PFS and OS. As for multivariate analysis, SFA change (p=0.014) or the number of increasing body fat components (p=0.040) were independent indicators to predict PFS. In addition, SFA change (p=0.022) or the number of increasing body fat components (p=0.008) could independently predict OS. Moreover, a better disease control rate (p=0.028) was founded in patients with ≥2 increasing components. In the subgroup of patients with ≥2 metastasis sites, improved OS (p=0.017) and PFS (p=0.027) were found compared to those with <2 increasing components. Further multivariate analysis identified the number of increasing body fat components was an independent factor in predicting PFS (p=0.018) and OS (p=0.029). Conclusion: Body fat accumulation, such as high SFA or TFA at progression, could improve the survival of patients with mRCC treated with TKIs, especially patients with higher tumor burden. It should be considered as an important parameter to predict the survival status of patients with mRCC.
surfaces are almost in situ grown on its bulk phase under special environment in nature. It is still a doubt what influences can the bulk phase composition and external environment make on the structures and properties of in situ growth surface, whether we can fabricate a desired superhydrophobic surface by controlling bulk phase composition and external environment and show a unique idea to synthesize multifunctional surface materials.In situ synthesis is one of the commonly used methods for fabricating superhydrophobic surfaces. [10] In contrast to the general preparation methods, such as roughening the surface of low surface energy materials or modifying the existed rough surface with low surface energy materials, [11] this method tends to be facile and easy to be extensively produced so as to realize practical applications. [12] For instance, Huang et al. reported a superhydrophobic/superoleophilic nanofiber membrane via in situ polymerization on SiO 2 fiber membrane using benzoxazine and Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles. [13] Zhang and co-workers developed a simple in situ method to fabricate a durable superhydrophobic/superoleophilic cellulose/LDH (layered double hydroxide) membrane. [14] Lai et al. reported nanosized graphite blocks with ordered honeycomb structure via in situ grown on 3D copper foam skeleton, the as-obtained coatings had a robust superhydrophobic surface. [15] However, these researches only refer to the hydrophobicity of surfaces, seldom involve the regulation of wetting state, and pay little attention to the influence of bulk phase composition and growth environment on the wettability and wetting state.In this work, by means of an easy reaction model of preparing superhydrophobic surface, the effects of the bulk phase composition and external environment on wettability and wetting state of the in situ growth surfaces were explored, trying to show a unique idea for fabricating the superhydrophobic surface with regulated adhesion by controlling bulk phase composition and external environment. Benzoxazine is a low surface energy substance with the theoretical possibility of preparing superhydrophobic surface. [16] That using fluorine-free benzoxazine as matrix model, selecting different metal chlorides to In nature, the superhydrophobic surfaces are almost in situ grown on its bulk phase under special environment. However, it is still a doubt how the bulk phase composition and external environment influence the structures and properties of in situ growth surfaces. To investigate the influence, a strategy is devised via using fluorine-free benzoxazine as matrix model, selecting different metal chlorides to change the bulk phase composition of the matrix and utilizing different curing media to control the interface growth environment. It is found interestingly that the properties of in situ growth surfaces depend strongly on its bulk phase composition and external environment, and the superhydrophobic surface with controlled adhesion could be synthesized by in situ polymerization through one-step curi...
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