In recent years, the usage of plant materials as food supplement and as alternative medicine has increased. Medicinal herbs are a rich source of antimicrobial agents. In this investigation, antimicrobial effects of leaf methanol and ethanol extracts of Artemisia annua against Staphylococcus aureus PTCC 1431, Salmonella enterica PTCC 1231, Klebsiella pneumonia PTCC 1053, Shigella dysenteriae PTCC 1188 and Escherichia coli PTCC 1399 were studied, using well diffusion method. Methanol and ethanol extracts obtained from leaves of A. annua exhibited antimicrobial activity against test microorganisms. The methanol extract of A. annua showed high inhibition of the growth of S. aureus PTCC 1431, S. enterica PTCC 1231 with inhibitory, 16.5 and 15.5 mm, with average 13.7 mm. The results indicate the fact that extracts of A. annua could be effectively used against diseases caused by selected human pathogens.
Background: Mycobacterium marinum is a ubiquitous, slow-growing nontuberclosis Mycobacterium (NTM), it can causes disseminated granulomatous infections in fish. Outbreaks in fisheries can be financially devastating and can also increase the chance of human exposure. Objectives: The aim of this work was evaluating the effects of some environmental stresses on M. marinum CCUG 20998. Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study M. marinum CCUG 20998 was subjected to different conditions of environmental stresses such as pH, oxidative, osmotic pressure, and temperatures. The effects of stresses were studied on growth, biofilm formation, and cell division and biochemical characteristics of M. marinum CCUG 20998.The growth data were analyzed by measuring colony forming unit (CFU) using SPSS software version 19. Results:The results showed that sodium chloride and hydrogen peroxide at %10 and 9600 ppm concentrations inhibit. Marinum CCUG 20998 growths, respectively. Tolerance to pH = 11 and temperature at 82.5°C was detectable. Also, environmental stresses could affects on some biochemical characteristics of M. marinum CCUG 20998. Biofilm formation reduced upon using all stress conditions. Conclusions: Bacteria are able to adapt to dramatically different environments, In the case of mycobacteria, there is direct correlation between stress and pathogenicity. The results obtained from this study provided useful information on survival and tolerance of M. marinum CCUG 20998 to different environmental conditions. Survival under stress conditions might not reflect the in vivo situation where host factors also contribute to establishment of the organism during infection.
Organic meat products are well known for their probiotic values due to the presence of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) such as Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Lactococcus, and Pediococcus strains. In this study, two Pediococcus spp. and three Leuconostoc spp. with antimicrobial activity were isolated from vacuum-packed organic meat sausages. All five isolates were characterized by morphological, biochemical, 16S rRNA analysis, and designated as MN-A, MN-B, MN-A2, MN-A2-1, and MN-A3. The results showed that the isolate MN-A and MN-B belonged to the strain Pediococcus acidilactici, and the MN-A2, MN-A2-1, and MN-A3 isolates were identified as Leuconostoc mesentroieds strains. Amongst the isolates, the strain MN-B showed the highest antimicrobial activity against the Micrococcus luteus PTCC 1408. The growth kinetics and antimicrobial activity of the strain MN-B against Lactobacillus casei ATCC 39392 was determined in MRS broth medium. Also, bacteriocin produced by the strains MN-B revealed antimicrobial activity against selected food-borne pathogens including, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium PTCC 1709, Staphylococcus aureus PTCC 1113, Listeria monocytogenes PTCC1302, and Listeria inovani PTCC 1303. Bacteriocin produced by the MN-B strain was partially purified using the adsorption-desorption method followed by dialyzes. The molecular weight of bacteriocin was about 5.0 KDa by SDS-PAGE analysis.
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