Researchers have focused on natural medicines to treat infectious diseases due to antibiotic resistance. Due to the medicinal importance of Datura stramonium and Prosopis farcta, the present study has investigated their antimicrobial effects against some gram-positive and negative bacteria by disc diffusion, micro broth dilution, and agar well diffusion methods and also their possible toxicity using MTT assay against HT29 cells. Additionally, the inhibitory effect of the extracts on the formation of bacterial biofilms was investigated. The hydroalcoholic extract of D. stramonium and P. fracta had antibacterial effects on the bacteria in both micro broth dilution and agar well diffusion methods. D.stramonium and P.fracta had the greatest effects on S.aureus and P.aeruginosa. Their weakest effects were seen towards K. pneumonia and A. baumannii. Anti-biofilm property was observed only for D. stramonium extract (50 mg/ml concentration). MTT assay showed that exposure of HT29 cells to concentrations of 25, 12.5, 6.25, and 3.1 mg/ml of D.stramonium and P.fracta extracts did not cause obvious toxicity. P.farcta and D.stramonium inhibited the growth of bacteria as well as biofilm formation in these strains, and they were not toxic to human cells. Trials on patients using these extracts are recommended, however
Problem: Enterococcus faecalis is a common microbial semen contaminant. Although virulence factors and biofilm formation have often been analyzed in Enterococcus spp., there is little information about these features in isolates obtained from the genitourinary tract. This study was intended to characterize and determine the relationship between biofilm-forming ability and the presence of E. faecalis virulence factors isolated from human semen. Method of study:A total of 32 patients diagnosed with primary infertility and 28 healthy men were included in the study. Semen analyses were performed according to the WHO guidelines. PCR reactions were applied for the detection of ace, esp, efeA, gelE, asa1, and cylA genes. Microtiter plate assay, via measurement of OD 560, was used to measure the biofilm-forming ability of the isolates.Results: Sixty E. faecalis isolates from semen of infertile and fertile men were characterized by phenotypic and genotypic methods. The prevalence of ace, esp, efeA, gelE, asa1 and cylA were reported to be 81.3%/100.0%, 81.3%/89.3%, 81.3%/85.7%, 71.9%/53.6%, 8.8%/75.0%, and 62.5%/67.9% in infertile/fertile groups; respectively. Strong, weak, and non-biofilm reactions were reported to be 50.0%/21.4%, 40.6%/64.3%, and 9.4%/14.3% in infertile and fertile groups; respectively. Conclusions:There was a significant relationship between fertility and weak biofilm reaction and also between biofilm formation and possession of the esp gene (P < .05).It could be speculated that colonization with E. faecalis with a strong ability for biofilm formation could become a potential threat to men's fertility.
Background and Aims: Due to a wide variety of causes, various bacteria can acquire resistance to antibiotics. This study investigated the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the etiologic bacterial agents of various infections in patients referred to three hospitals in Yazd city, Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 336 clinical specimens including wound discharge, sputum, blood, bronchial fluid, pleural fluid, ascitic fluid, synovial fluid, stool, and trachea secretions were collected in three hospitals. Microbiological culturing in order to grow and identify the causative bacteria were performed. Antibiotic susceptibility determinations were done by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Result: Among all organisms isolated, Escherchia coli, Staphylococcus. aureus, Staphylococcus. suprophyticus, Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus. epidermidis and Entrococcus spp. were the most prevalent, respectively. The Escherchia coli isolates were the most antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacterium. It seems that the same organisms recovered from different hospital wards show different antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Conclusion: The increased prevalence of resistant organisms in different hospitals may reflect a lack of proper antibiotic usage policy, resulting in the prolonged and indiscriminate use of antimicrobial agents.
Organic meat products are well known for their probiotic values due to the presence of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) such as Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Lactococcus, and Pediococcus strains. In this study, two Pediococcus spp. and three Leuconostoc spp. with antimicrobial activity were isolated from vacuum-packed organic meat sausages. All five isolates were characterized by morphological, biochemical, 16S rRNA analysis, and designated as MN-A, MN-B, MN-A2, MN-A2-1, and MN-A3. The results showed that the isolate MN-A and MN-B belonged to the strain Pediococcus acidilactici, and the MN-A2, MN-A2-1, and MN-A3 isolates were identified as Leuconostoc mesentroieds strains. Amongst the isolates, the strain MN-B showed the highest antimicrobial activity against the Micrococcus luteus PTCC 1408. The growth kinetics and antimicrobial activity of the strain MN-B against Lactobacillus casei ATCC 39392 was determined in MRS broth medium. Also, bacteriocin produced by the strains MN-B revealed antimicrobial activity against selected food-borne pathogens including, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium PTCC 1709, Staphylococcus aureus PTCC 1113, Listeria monocytogenes PTCC1302, and Listeria inovani PTCC 1303. Bacteriocin produced by the MN-B strain was partially purified using the adsorption-desorption method followed by dialyzes. The molecular weight of bacteriocin was about 5.0 KDa by SDS-PAGE analysis.
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