PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the clinical course and prognostic factors of acquired third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerve (CN) palsy grouped according to etiology.MethodsThis study involved a retrospective review of the medical records of 153 patients who were diagnosed with acquired paralytic strabismus from January 2004 to July 2015. Outcomes, recovery rates, and time to recovery were investigated according to the affected CN: CN3, CN4, and CN6 palsies. The patients were classified into four groups based on etiology: idiopathic, traumatic, neoplastic, and vascular.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 59.8 ± 14.5 years and the mean follow-up period was 10.8 months. Out of the 153 patients, 63 (41.2%) had CN3 palsy, 35 (22.9%) had CN4 palsy, and 55 (35.9%) had CN6 palsy. The most common causes were vascular related (54.9%), followed by idiopathic (28.1%), trauma (8.5%), and neoplasm (5.88%). About 50% of the patients recovered within six months. Among the four etiologic groups, the idiopathic group showed the best prognosis because about 50% of the patients in this group recovered within three months. This was followed by the vascular, traumatic, and neoplastic groups. Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed a significant association between the baseline prism diopter and recovery rate.ConclusionsThe prognosis and natural history of paralytic strabismus vary depending on its cause. The vascular group had the best recovery rate and shortest recovery time, whereas the neoplastic group required the longest time to recover.
Purpose
To compare a biometer using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) with a partial coherence interferometry (PCI)-based biometer in measurements of two ocular biometry parameters, i.e., the axial length and anterior cornea curvature.
Methods
We compared the two biometers SS-OCT (ANTERION, Heidelberg Engineering Inc., Heidelberg, Germany) and PCI (IOL Master, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) in terms of the axial length (AL) and corneal curvature (K) measurements of 175 eyes. Paired t-tests were used to compare the two biometers. Agreement between the biometers was evaluated using the Bland–Altman method.
Results
The mean age was 36.0 ± 25.6 years (range: 5 to 85 years). The mean axial length was 24.42 ± 0.13 mm for SS-OCT and 24.45 ± 0.14 mm for PCI. The mean corneal curvature was significantly different between the two biometry in flat K (K1) but not in steep K (K2). The limit of agreement was -0.15 to 0.21 in the axial length, -1.18 to 0.83 in K1, and -1.06 to 0.95 in K2. All above ocular biometric measurements between SS-OCT and PCI correlated significantly (Pearson's correlation, p<0.001).
Conclusions
The axial length measured using SS-OCT is useful in clinical practice. It shows a good correlation and agreement with that measured using PCI. However, the axial length and corneal curvature measured using SS-OCT cannot be used interchangeably with that measured using PCI in clinical practice.
With an increasing demand for artificial intelligence, the emulation of the human brain in neuromorphic computing has led to an extraordinary result in not only simulating synaptic dynamics but also reducing complex circuitry systems and algorithms. In this work, an artificial electronic synaptic device based on a synthesized MoS2 memristor array (4 × 4) is demonstrated; the device can emulate synaptic behavior with the simulation of deep neural network (DNN) learning. MoS2 film is directly synthesized onto a patterned bottom electrode (Pt) with high crystallinity using sputtering and CVD. The proposed MoS2 memristor exhibits excellent memory operations in terms of endurance (up to 500 sweep cycles) and retention (~ 104) with a highly uniform memory performance of crossbar array (4 × 4) up to 16 memristors on a scalable level. Next, the proposed MoS2 memristor is utilized as a synaptic device that demonstrates close linear and clear synaptic functions in terms of potentiation and depression. When providing consecutive multilevel pulses with a defined time width, long-term and short-term memory dynamics are obtained. In addition, an emulation of the artificial neural network of the presented synaptic device showed 98.55% recognition accuracy, which is 1% less than that of software-based neural network emulations. Thus, this work provides an enormous step toward a neural network with a high recognition accuracy rate.
CRS was more prevalent in patients with metabolic syndrome, especially those with allergic rhinitis, than in patients without metabolic syndrome. Accordingly, CRS should be considered in patients with metabolic syndrome and allergic rhinitis.
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