This randomized, blind study measured changes in serum lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations in 16 men consuming 39 +/- 1% of energy (en%) as fat either from safflower- or canola-oil-based diets for 8 wk. Initially, the men were stabilized for 3 wk on a typical American (baseline) diet. Compared with baseline, the vegetable-oil-based diets reduced serum total cholesterol 9-15% (P less than 0.002), low-density-lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol 12-20% (P less than 0.002), and apolipoprotein B-100 21-24% (P less than 0.001). There were no significant changes from baseline to the end of the study in serum triglycerides, total high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, HDL3 cholesterol, HDL2 cholesterol, or apolipoprotein A-I. These data suggest that even if total fat intake remains at 39-40 en%, many men show lowered LDL cholesterol if saturated fatty acid intake is minimized and that diets high in polyunsaturated fatty acids do not necessarily lower HDL-cholesterol concentrations.

Early diagnosis by newborn screening followed by full compliance with treatment guidelines is important to a good outcome.

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Calcium soaps of high oleic sunflower oil (HOS-Ca) were prepared, using alkaline hydrolysis and calcium precipitation, and freeze-dried. Cows' diets were prepared to provide 0, 0.85 kg or 1.7 kg HOS-Ca/day. Fatty acids and cholesterol were determined by gas chromatography. Sensory evaluations of milk from cows fed 0 and 1.7 kg HOS-Ca/day were conducted using triangle tests. The 18:19 concentration in milk from cows fed the 1.7 kg HOS-Ca diet increased from 22.9 to 35.2% compared to the control (pϽ0.05). Concentration of total medium-chain saturates (C12-C16) decreased from 40.7 to 31.4% (pϽ0.05). Feeding HOS-Ca resulted in increases of monoene fatty acids and lower medium-chain saturated fatty acids but no change in milk flavor.

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