The aim of this study was to identify and determine the prevalence of Eimeria species affecting sheep raised extensively in a semiarid region of Brazil. Fecal samples of native sheep were collected during the rainy and dry seasons. The degree of infection was determined by counting oocysts per gram (OPG) of feces, and the morphometric method was used for species identification. Oocysts were found in all the properties assessed, in which 68.3% of the animals were infected. The prevalence of oocysts was influenced by the season and animal category (P<0.05). It was higher during the rainy season than the dry season (80.2% vs. 55.8%) and highest in young animals than the adults animals (68.2% vs. 39.6%). The OPG was lower during the dry season (1,269 ± 312 vs. 4,400 ± 1,122). Ten species were found; of these, E. ovinoidalis, E. granulosa, E. faurei, and E. crandallis were the most frequent. E. ovinoidalis and E. crandallis were found in all properties, with their prevalences being 19.4% and 13.6% respectively. The high prevalence of pathogenic species shows that eimeriosis is a risk for animals raised extensively in the semiarid region.Keywords: Coccidiosis, morphometry, oocyts, OPG, parasitosis. ResumoObjetivou-se neste estudo identificar e determinar a prevalência de espécies de Eimeria que parasitam ovinos criados extensivamente em região semi-árida. Amostras de fezes de ovinos nativos foram coletados durante as estações chuvosa e seca. O grau de infecção foi determinado pela contagem de oocistos por grama de fezes (OoPG)e o método morfométrico foi utilizado para a identificação das espécies. Foram encontrados oocistos em todas os rebanhos avaliados e observou-se que 68,3% dos animais estavam infectados. A prevalência de oocistos foi influenciada pela estação climática e pela categoria dos animais (P<0,05), sendo mais alta durante a estação chuvosa em relação a estação seca (80,2% vs. 55,8%) e em animais jovens em relação aos animais adultos (68,2% vs. 39,6%). O OoPG foi menor durante a estação seca (1.269 ± 312 vs. 4.400 ± 1.122). Dez espécies foram encontradas sendo a E. ovinoidalis, E. granulosa, E. faurei, e E. crandallis as mais frequentes. E. ovinoidalis e E. crandallis foram encontrados em todas as propriedades, com prevalências de 19,4% e 13,6%, respectivamente. A alta prevalência de espécies patogênicas mostra que eimeriose é um risco para os animais criados extensivamente na região semiárida.

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estrutura populacional de ovinos da raça Santa Inês criados no Brasil. Foram utilizados dados de pedigree de 13.216 animais, pertencentes a 53 rebanhos de oito estados brasileiros, nascidos no período de 1976 a 2010. O programa Endog foi utilizado para análise do pedigree e estimação dos parâmetros populacionais. Do total de animais estudados, 80,86% apresentaram pedigree na primeira ascendência, 73,78% na segunda e 67,75% na terceira. O número máximo de gerações conhecidas foi de 19, e a média de gerações equivalentes foi de 4,67. A média do intervalo de gerações foi de 3,22±1,77 anos. O tamanho efetivo da população apresentou média de 172,5 animais. O número de animais fundadores foi 829, mas o número efetivo de fundadores foi apenas 50. Os 17 principais ancestrais explicaram 50% da variabilidade genética total. O coeficiente médio de relação foi de 3,87% e o de endogamia, de 6,92%. Apesar do satisfatório coeficiente médio de endogamia nas últimas gerações, este coeficiente requer monitoramento por sua proximidade do limite recomendável. O fluxo de genes entre os rebanhos é o principal fator para o aumento do tamanho efetivo e a manutenção da variabilidade genética da raça Santa Inês.Termos para indexação: ancestrais, endogamia, fundadores, pedigree, variabilidade genética. Population parameters of the sheep breed Santa Inês in BrazilAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the population structure of the sheep breed Santa Inês raised in Brazil. Pedigree data from 13,216 animals, belonging to 53 herds from eight Brazilian states, born between 1976 and 2010, were used. The program Endog was used for pedigree analysis and estimation of population parameters. From the total number of animals studied, 80.86% had a pedigree in the first ascendancy, 73.78% in the second, and 67.75% in the third. The maximum number of known generations was 19, and the average of equivalent generations was 4.67. The average generation interval was 3.22±1.77 years. The mean effective population size was of 172.5 animals. The number of founder animals was 829, but the effective number of founders was only 50. The 17 main ancestors accounted for 50% of the total genetic variability. The average relatedness coefficient was of 3.87% and the average inbreeding coefficient, of 6.92%. Despite the satisfactory average inbreeding coefficient in recent generations, this coefficient requires monitoring because of its proximity to the recommended limit. Gene flow among herds is the main factor for the increase of effective size and the maintenance of genetic variability in the breed Santa Inês.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o crescimento de ovinos Santa Inês utilizando modelos não-lineares selecionados por análise multivariada. Dezessete modelos não-lineares foram utilizados para descrever o crescimento de cordeiros do nascimento aos 210 dias de idade. Os modelos foram classificados por meio de análise multivariada utilizando o coeficiente de determinação ajustado, critério de informação de Akaike, critério de informação Bayesiano, erro quadrático médio de predição, coeficiente de determinação de predição, desvio médio absoluto dos resíduos e percentual de convergência como avaliadores da qualidade do ajuste. Os modelos Richards, Reynolds e Weibull não convergiram e os modelos Schnute, Meloun II, IV e VI, Gamito, Michaelis Menten e Michaelis Menten Modificado não apresentaram padrão de crescimento tradicional. Os modelos Mitscherlich, Gompertz, Logístico, Meloun I, III e V, Brody e Von Bertalanffy convergiram e foram utilizados na análise de agrupamento. Dentre os quatroclusters formados, o primeiro, composto pelos modelos Mitscherlich, Meloun I e Brody, apresentou os melhores valores para os critério de informação de Akaike e bayesiano. Os parâmetros da curva foram influenciados pelo sexo e o tipo de parto (P<0,05) e o ponto inflexão ocorreu aos 94 dias de idade. Os modelos Mitscherlich, Meloun I e Brody são adequados e equivalentes para descrição do crescimento de ovinos Santa Inês.

-The objective of this study was to characterize the sexual development in Anglo-Nubian male goats raised in semi-intensive system. Eight animals were monitored every fifteen days, from the 12 th to the 44 th week for age at penis detachment, live weight, scrotal circumference, seminal parameters (volume, aspect, concentration, wave motion, progressive individual motility, vigor and spermatic abnormalities) and serum testosterone levels. Serum testosterone levels were determined in blood samples collected at the 20 th , 28 th and 38 th weeks of age. Penis detachment occurred at 102.9 ± 15.4 days of age. Live weight and scrotal circumference at 20 th and 44 th weeks of age ranged from 25.9 ± 3.5 to 44.7 ± 4.7 kg and from 21.2 ± 1.6 cm to 26.0 ± 1.5 cm, respectively. The ejaculate volume ranged from 0.38 ± 0.05 to 0.96 ± 0.04 mL, concentration ranged from 1.33 ± 0.64 to 3.54 ± 0.14.10 9 mL -1 and the progressive individual motility varied from 48.0 ± 10.52% to 82.0 ± 3.74%, at the same age. The number of defective spermatozoa (major and minor) was 32.2 ± 5.8% vs. 8.80 ± 2.9% at the 20 th and the 44 th week of age, respectively. Serum testosterone level was 2.70 ± 1.40 ng.mL -1 at the 20 th week, 8.50 ± 4.66 ng.mL -1 at the 28 th week and 2.21 ± 2.28 ng.mL -1 at the 38 th week of age. Age showed a correlation with live weight, scrotal circumference, and all the qualitative parameters of semen except for volume, with all other qualitative parameters of semen, and the correlation among sperm abnormalities and the other traits was negative. Serum testosterone levels and andrological parameters of Anglo-Nubian goats raised in semi-intensive system are closely related to age. In those animals, puberty is reached at the 20 th week and sexual maturity is reached at the 38 th week of age.

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-The objective of this study was to evaluate the history of the Tabapuã breed in Northeastern Brazil by determining its population structure and genetic progress. Pedigree information from animals born in the period between 1965 and 2006 and weight-adjusted data at 205 (W205), 365 (W365) and 550 (W550) days of age for bovines born between 1975 and 2006 were used. The (co)variance components and genetic value were estimated using the application MTDFREML. Also, the software ENDOG was used for pedigree analysis and parameter estimation based on the probabilities of gene origin, inbreeding and average generation interval. The heritability coefficients for direct genetic effects were 0.21±0.03, 0.26±0.04 and 0.36±0.05 for W205, W365 and W550, respectively. During the first 20 years studied, the observed effective size was small. The generation intervals by gametic pathway were: 7.7±3.4 (sire-son), 7.8±3.7 (sire-daughter), 6.9±3.3 (dam-son), 6.8 ± 3.1 (dam-daughter), and mean interval of 7.3±3.4 years. The studied population showed moderate heritability coefficients, whereas the genetic gains based on the studied traits may be higher than those estimated by genetic tendencies. Reduced generation interval, increased effective size and continuous mating control of relatives are important strategies for the genetic progress of the Tabapuã breed in the region.

Milton Rezende Teixeira Neto 1 MOTTIN, V. D.; SILVA, L. L.; ROCHA, J. N.; TEIXEIRA NETO, M. R. Quantificação e correlações de parâmetros microbiológicos em queijos minas frescal no sudoeste da Bahia. Arq. Ciênc. Vet. Zool. UNIPAR, Umuarama, v. 19, n. 3, p. 137-142, jul./set. 2016. RESUMO:O Queijo Minas Frescal é um dos derivados do leite mais consumidos no Brasil, considerado como um queijo semigordo e de muito alta umidade, característica que propicia a contaminação por micro-organismos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse estudo foi verificar quantitativamente a ocorrência de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, coliformes totais e Escherichia coli nos queijos Minas Frescal do Sudoeste da Bahia, bem como, as suas correlações. Para isso, foram analisadas três marcas de queijos comercializadas na região, sendo coletadas amostras, em duplicata, de três diferentes lotes. Os resultados foram obtidos pela contagem de colônias características e expressos em UFC/g. Os dados foram apresentados de forma descritiva e as correlações entre os parâmetros foram avaliadas por meio da equação linear de Pearson. Todas as amostras analisadas estavam contaminadas com Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e coliformes totais acima do limite estabelecido pela legislação. Para o parâmetro Escherichia coli, somente 16,6% estavam dentro do limite estabelecido pela legislação vigente. As correlações entre as contagens de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva com Escherichia coli e coliformes totais foram moderadas e negativas (-0,32 e -0,32, respectivamente), e entre Escherichia coli e coliformes totais foi positiva e elevada (0,99). Os produtos analisados encontraram-se impróprios ao consumo, sendo que, apenas uma marca destacou-se por estar em conformidade com a legislação para um dos parâmetros. Assim, entende-se que as condições higiênico-sanitárias para a fabricação do produto podem não estar adequadas, representando um risco ao consumidor final. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Derivados lácteos. Indicadores de qualidade. Indicadores de segurança. QUANTIFICATION AND CORRELATION OF MICROBIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS ON MINAS FRESCAL CHEESES IN THE SOUTH-WESTERN BAHIAABSTRACT: Minas Frescal cheese is one of the most consumed milk derivatives in Brazil. It is considered a semi-fat cheese with very high humidity content. Such characteristic eases the contamination by micro-organisms. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess the occurrence of positive coagulase Staphylococcus, total coliforms, and Escherichia coli on Minas Frescal cheese from south-western Bahia, as well as their correlations. In order to do so, three brands of cheese marketed in the region were analyzed, with samples being collected in duplicated from three different batches. The results were obtained by the count of characteristics colonies and expressed in UFC/g. Data were presented in a descriptive way and the correlations among the parameters were evaluated using the Pearson linear equation. All the samples analyzed presented positive coagulase Staphylococcus contamination an...

-The objective of this study was to characterize body biometrics of Santa Ines sheep during growth. Data from 4,038 animals, males and females, with ages from four to 36 months, from different herds participating in the National Agricultural Fair in Bahia from 2003 to 2008 were used. The characteristics evaluated were: body weight, average daily gain, body length, thoracic circumference, anterior height and posterior height. The mean values found were compared by the Student-NewmanKeuls test. All characteristics studied showed gradual change with aging, and it is worth-noting that age had positive effect on body weight, body length, thoracic circumference, anterior height and posterior height and negative effect on average daily gain.Average daily gain was reduced by 68.5% from four to 36 months of age, while the mean improvements observed in both sexes in this age range, for body weight, body length, thoracic circumference, anterior height and posterior height were 137.8%, 23.5%, 43.2%, 19.3% and 19.6%, respectively. However, the increments for body weight, body length and thoracic circumference were higher until 12 months of age, when an increase of 72.7%, 14.6% and 24.8% in their respective characteristics was verified. For anterior height and posterior height, the greatest increase occurred up to eight months of age with improvement of 8.4% for both measures. Santa Ines sheep have different growth rates for body measurements; whereas growth in posterior height stabilizes earlier, the thoracic circumference, along with body weight, remains growing for longer time.