<i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> is xylem-limited bacterium capable of infecting a wide range of host plants, resulting in Pierce's disease in grapevine, citrus variegated chlorosis, olive quick decline syndrome, peach phony disease, plum leaf scald, alfalfa dwarf, margin necrosis and leaf scorch affecting oleander, coffee, almond, pecan, mulberry, red maple, oak, and other types of cultivated and ornamental plants and forest trees. In the European Union, <i>X. fastidiosa</i> is listed as a quarantine organism. Since its first outbreak in the Apulia region of southern Italy in 2013 where it caused devastating disease on Olea europaea (called olive leaf scorch and quick decline), <i>X. fastidiosa</i> continued to spread and successfully established in some European countries (Corsica and PACA in France, Balearic Islands, Madrid and Comunitat Valenciana in Spain, and Porto in Portugal). The most recent data for Europe indicates that <i>X. fastidiosa</i> is present on 174 hosts, 25 of which were newly identified in 2021 (with further five hosts discovered in other parts of the world in the same year). From the six reported subspecies of <i>X. fastidiosa</i> worldwide, four have been recorded in European countries (<i>fastidiosa</i>, <i>multiplex</i>, <i>pauca</i>, and <i>sandyi</i>). Currently confirmed <i>X. fastidiosa</i> vector species are <i>Philaenus spumarius</i>, <i>Neophilaenus campestris</i>, and <i>Philaenus italosignus</i>, whereby only <i>P. spumarius</i> (which has been identified as the key vector in Apulia, Italy) is also present in Americas. <i>X. fastidiosa</i> control is currently based on pathogen-free propagation plant material, eradication, territory demarcation, and vector control, as well as use of resistant plant cultivars and bactericidal treatments.

and Aleksići. The trial was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The following parameters were analyzed: tuber weight (g), plant height (cm), stem number/plant, average stem thickness (cm), green mass yield/plant (kg), and dry mass yield/plant (kg). Average tuber weight ranged from 36.7 g (Bosna) to 61.0 g (Lazarevo). Plant height ranged from 1.55 m (Lazarevo) to 2.20 m (Aleksići). Stem number/plant varied from 2.2 (Aleksici) to 5.3 (Modrica). Stem thicknesswas between 1.24 cm (Bosna) and 2.11 cm (Aleksići). The population Bosna had the lowest average yield of green mass and dry mass yield/plant, while the highest mean value had population Aleksići. Broad sense heritability varied from 34.66% (plant height) to 50.99% (dry mass yield/plant). Highly significant positive correlations between plant height and stem thickness (r = 0.874), stem thickness and green mass yield (r = 0.919), stem thickness and dry mass yield (r = 0.902) were established. Jerusalem artichoke populations were clustered into two groups, and the first group was composed of two subgroups .The results of these studies will allow choice of Jerusalem 46

Ecological model for organizing the quantitative traits and the method of orthogonal regressions were applied to evaluate both, aboveground and root biomass of grass pea varieties different originating. The study was conducted for three years. The highest yields for fresh aboveground biomass were BGE015741 (840.40 kg/da), LAT4362 (779.3 kg da-1) and BGE027129 (722.80 kg da-1). Plants of LAT4362 and BGE025277 have a higher weight of fresh aboveground mass and fresh root mass and exhibit a good combination of adaptive and attraction genes. The highest average seed yield was recorded at BGE015741 (158.40 kg da-1), BGE027129 (113.10 kg da-1) and BGE025277 (108.30 kg da-1). The BGE027129, BGE025277 and BGE015741 varieties are found of greatest interest with regard to seed weight per plant and they are suitable as initial materials for the purpose of combinatorial breeding for the obtaining of genotypes combining both, high seed weight and high root biomass weight per plant.

Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), as one of the richest sources of omega-3 fatty acids, antitumoral phytoestrogens and plant mucilage, has great importance for human health. For this reason, the Agricultural Institute of Republic of Srpska promotes linseed production and processing through practical research activities. This paper provides an overview of linseed production and research activities on linseed since 2004, when this crop was returned into production in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The most important findings regarding linseed production and quality in recent years are discussed. So far, it seems that organic linseed production has better perspective in mountain regions compared to lowlands, mainly due to lack of invasive weeds 500 m above sea level. Until now, linseed diseases that can spoil the quality of seed, have not been recorded, due to extensive linseed production. The first comprehensive technological analyses of cold extracted linseed oil from the mountain region Petrovac showed unique quality characteristics. This mountain region is well known for its virgin nature and sunny microclimate. This has resulted in increased interest for linseed oil, as well as raised the price of domestic linseed oil.

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Due to its numerous agricultural and industrial purposes, oilseed rape is a very important species. The total production of oilseed rape in the Republic of Srpska is faced with noticeable variation throughout years, with an increase in last three years. The oilseed rape yield is strongly influenced by environmental factors. The objective of this study was to analyze yield components of oilseed rape in agro–ecological conditions of Banja Luka. Four oilseed rape hybrids were used: PR46W21, PR46W20, PR46W14 and PR45DO3 in two growing seasons: 2012/13 and 2013/14. Yield components tested were: pod mass (g), seed mass per pod (g), pod index (%), number of seeds per pod and 1000–seed weight (g). Factorial 2×4 ANOVA and Fisher's LSD test were used to analyze data, with growing seasons (years) and hybrids as factors. Growing season significantly affected the pod mass (g), total seed mass per pod (g) and 1000–seed weight. Generally, higher yield component values were obtained in the second examined year (2013/14).

u izuzetno kišnoj 2014. godini. Osobine propusnog, aluvijalnog zemljišta imale su presudan uticaj na prinose zrna u obe godine. Ogledi sa različitim đubrivima praćeni su na banjalučkoj sorti Sonja. Rastuće doze đubriva u 2014. godini nisu dovele do ekonomski opravdanog povećanja prinosa zrna u odnosu na kontrolu. Slični rezultati dobijeni su i u prethodnoj godini na lokalitetu Banja Luka, što upućuje na neophodnost detaljnijeg proučavanja ove agrotehničke mere.

In 1865, Gregor Mendel presented the lectures "Experiments in Plant Hybridization" concerning his results from cross-breeding experiments with different types of garden pea, performed in his monastery garden in Brno. Mendel studied easily observed pairs of opposite traits, such as purple or white flower, and discovered dominant and recessive traits. He concluded that parents pass separate and distinct factors (today called genes) on to their offspring that are responsible for inherited traits. However, the scientific community did not understand that; indeed it was the beginning of what becomes genetics. The lectures published in 1866, Mendel sent to more than 30 biologists across Europe, but almost no one commented them. In the next 35 years, these papers were only three times cited. The genetics became more important at the beginning of the 20 th century, when three different research groups (Hugo de Vries, Carl Erich Correns and Erich von Tschermak with their co-workers) independently re-discovered Mendel's Laws of inheritance. However, as soon as the work was rediscovered, it created controversy.