Free volatile compounds were isolated from 21 Croatian Veronica species studied by hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave extraction (ME) and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) distinguished some clusters based on the relative proportion of major compounds, such as hexadecanoic acid, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, phytol, E-caryophyllene, and caryophyllene oxide, which were identified in all species studied by both isolation methods. In addition to these compounds, germacrene D, δ-selinene, and eicosane were also identified in five samples from dry habitats isolated using ME. Allo-aromadendrene and β-ionone are particularly abundant in five species from wet habitats isolated by both methods. The peculiarities of Veronica species from moderate habitats isolated with HD are benzene acetaldehyde, n-nonanal, and the identification of significant compounds from the hydrocarbon class, while the peculiarity of ME is (E)-β-damascenone. In this article, we present new results on the phytochemical characterization of Veronica species from different habitats. The biological potential of these compounds should be further investigated for a better understanding and utilization of the specialized plant metabolites.

the flora and vegetation of three small islets with surface areas from 1.04 to 3.31 hectares, lying between the mainland and the Pelješac peninsula in south Croatia, were investigated in 2014 and 2015. the floristic data have been used to analyze life-form and chorological spectra and to assess speciesarea relationship, the occurrence of islet specialists and to assess the risk of alien plants invasion. altogether, 126 vascular plant taxa (species and infraspecific units) were recorded on all the islets combined. the richest islet is Gospin Škoj with 72 taxa, followed by srednjak (68) and Goljak (48). a total of five plant associations, one subassociation and two stands within five vegetation classes have been identified on the islets. Benthic cormophyte communities in the eulittoral and infralittoral zones are represented by Posidonietum oceanicae, Cymodocetum nodosae and Nanozosteretum noltii. the halophytic vegetation of the coastal rocks belongs to the proposed new subassociation Limonietum anfracti helichrysetosum italici. shrubland vegetation was composed of the Myrto communis-Pistacietum lentisci and Oleo sylvestris-Pistacietum lentisci associations, macchia with Erica arborea and the Olea sylvestris-Narcissus tazetta community. Clear signs of the degradation of the macchia, due to the high anthropogenic influence, particularly the presence of european rabbit populations have been observed. Flora i vegetacija tri mala otočića površine od 1,04 do 3,31 hektara, smještenih između kopna i poluotoka Pelješca u južnoj hrvatskoj, istraživani su 2014. i 2105. analizirani su spektri životnih oblika i koroloških elemenata, diskutiran je odnos broja svojta i površine otočića, prisutnost biljaka svojstvenih samo za otočiće te opasnost od unosa i širenja alohtonih biljaka. Na sva tri otočića ukupno je utvrđeno 126 svojta (vrsta i nižih taksonomskih kategorija) vaskularnih biljaka. Floristički je najbogatiji Gospin Škoj (72 svojte), zatim srednjak (68) i Goljak (48). utvrđeno je ukupno pet biljnih asocijacija, jedna subasocijacija i dvije sastojine unutar pet vegetacijskih razreda. morske pridnene kormofitske asocijacije u eulitoralu i infralitoralu su Posidonietum oceanicae, Cymodocetum nodosae i Nanozosteretum noltii. halofitska vegetacija niskih obalnih stijena pripada novopredloženoj subasocijaciji Limonietum anfracti helichrysetosum italici. Vegetaciju makije čine asocijacije Myrto communis-Pistacietum lentisci i Oleo sylvestrisPistacietum lentisci, makija s vrstom Erica arborea te sastojine Olea sylvestris-Narcissus tazetta. Zbog značajnog antropogenog utjecaja, poglavito uslijed unesenog patuljastog kunića, utvrđena je značajna degradacija vegetacije makije.

This paper is a first contribution to knowledge of the vascular plant species diversity of the NE Adriatic Island of Olib (26.13 km 2 ). The total vascular flora of the island comprises 465 taxa of native and naturalised vascular plants, and 69 commonly cultivated taxa. The Mediterranean character of Olib flora is reflected by a large proportion of taxa belonging to the families Poaceae, Fabaceae and Asteraceae and a clear domination of the steno-Mediterranean plants, accompanied by a high percentage of therophytes. Although a low level of human influence is shown, the presence of exotic taxa outside cultivation has to be monitored due to their potential naturalisation. With this in mind, this article aimed at updating the statuses of the species Ipomoea quamoclit and Aptenia cordifolia in the checklist of Croatian vascular plants. Ovaj rad prvi je prilog poznavanju raznolikosti vaskularne flore sjevernojadranskog otoka Oliba (26,13 km 2 ), koja prema našem istraživanju obuhvaća 465 domaćih i udomaćenih biljnih svojta te 69 češće uzgajanih vrsta. Sredozemni karakter olipske flore ogleda se u velikoj zastupljenosti svojta iz porodica Poaceae, Fabaceae i Asteraceae, te prevladavanju steno-mediteranskih vrsta s visokim udjelom jednoljetnica (terofiti). Usprkos tome što je utjecaj čovjeka na otoku danas slab, pronašli smo više stranih vrsta izbjeglih iz uzgoja, što ukazuje na potrebu nadziranja njihovog budućeg širenja i mogućeg udomaćivanja. Smatramo potrebnim i da se vrste Ipomoea quamoclit i Aptenia cordifolia uključe u popis hrvatske flore.Ključne riječi: vaskularne biljke, raznolikost, otok Olib, istočni Jadran, Sredozemlje INTRODUCTIONThe Mediterranean basin is the second largest biodiversity hotspot on Earth, the largest of the world's five Mediterranean-climate regions and third richest hotspot in terms of its plant diversity (Mittermeier et al., 2004). Circum-Mediterranean countries house about 25,000 plant species, almost one tenth of the world's vascular flora, 63 % of which are endemic (Greuter, 1991;Médail & Quézel, 1997, 1999 origins exist in the Mediterranean basin and their wide ranges of altitudes, substrates and morphologies, as well as human activities, have resulted in the evolution of a highly diversified flora (e.g. Snogerup, 1985;Hulme, 2004; Vogiatzakis & Griffiths, 2008). Generally, the islands are highly vulnerable ecosystems on which intense environmental fluctuations or human interference, even of a low intensity, can considerably affect the flora and vegetation (Vidal et al., 1998;Panitsa & Tzanoudakis, 2010).In the northern section of the Mediterranean Sea, the Adriatic basin forms its most important part. The Adriatic Sea comprises over 1,300 islands and isles, mostly located along its eastern, Croatian, coast, which are considered among the most diverse in the Mediterranean region. Generally, the Dalmatian coast could be also defined as a hotspot, but the data on its flora are still incomplete (Médail & Quézel, 1997). An estimation using the species-area relationship analysis (SAR) fo...

Porodice s najvećim brojem svojti su Fabaceae (40 svojti; 15,56 %), Poaceae (36 svojti; 14,00%) i Asteraceae s.l. (31 svojta; 12,06%). Terofiti su najzastupljeniji životni oblik (49,42%), a među flornim elementima najzastupljenije su mediteranske biljke (50,19%). Biljke mediteranskog rasprostranjenja približno su jednako (47,62-53,04%) zastupljene na svim otočićima. Zabilježena su četiri endema, osam ugroženih te osam strogo zaštićenih biljaka. Od neofita, na Sv. Justini je zabilježena samo vrsta Conyza sumatrensis dok na ostalim otočićima neofita nije bilo.

Please cite this article as: Jasprica N., Dolina K., Milović M.: The flora and vegetation of the NE Mediterranean islet with centuries-long human influences. Acta Bot Croat, DOI: 10.2478DOI: 10. /botcro-2018 This is a PDF file of a manuscript that has been accepted for publication and language edited. The manuscript will undergo technical editing, formatting and author proofing before it is published in its final form.Unauthenticated Download Date | 5/12/18 7:13 AM Jasprica N., Dolina K., Milović M. Running title: Flora and vegetation of the Mediterranean isletAbstract -This paper is based on the main results of an analysis of spontaneous flora and vegetation on the small islet of Vrnik (0.281 km 2 ), on which there are some abandoned limestone quarries, on the eastern Adriatic coast. The investigations were carried out from 2014 to 2016. Altogether, 251 vascular plant taxa (species and infraspecific units) were recorded on the islet. A total of 11 plant associations, one subassocation and two stands within 10 vegetation classes were identified. Due to high anthropogenic influences during the last centuries, quarrying in particular, the islet investigated showed a relatively low variety of vascular plant taxa. In addition, clear signs of fragmentation of the forest vegetation were observed.

Qualitative phytochemical analyses of eight species from the genus Galium (G. corrudifolium, G. cruciata, G. divaricatum, G. lucidum, G. mollugo, G. palustre, G. parisiense, and G. verum), followed by spectrophotometric evaluation of their total phenolic, flavonoid and iridoid content, as well as antiradical capacity, were conducted. G. cruciata contained the greatest amount of total phenolics (111.00 mg gallic acid equivalents g-1 dry extract), while G. verum had the greatest amount of flavonoids (23.11 mg quercetin equivalents g-1 dry extract) and iridoids (461.30 mg aucubin equivalents g-1 dry extract). The best antioxidant (antiradical) activity was shown by G. cruciata (IC50 (ABTS) = 30.30 µg mL-1 ; IC50 (DPPH) = 27.62 µg mL-1), followed by G. divaricatum, G. verum and G. palustre. The same species were rich in various bioactive constituents and would be appropriate for inclusion in further investigations considering their biomedical potential.

The main aims of our study were (1) to determine the flora in railway areas with special emphasis on the presence of neophytes; (2) to describe the features of the flora through analyses of taxonomic composition, chorotypes, life forms and the phytosociological character of species found at 15 stations in the Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean areas of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina (SE Europe). According to their floristic composition, two broad groups of stations were recognized: i) stations in the most southerly area with higher annual precipitation and air temperature (cities of Ploče, Metković, Čapljina, Mostar), and ii) stations in sub-Mediterranean rural areas located exclusively at higher altitudes, including stations in three Dalmatian large cities (Zadar, Šibenik, Split). Altogether, 359 vascular plant taxa (336 species and 23 subspecies) were identified within 62 families and 230 genera. Therophytes, and Mediterraneans with a considerable proportion of Cosmopolitans were predominant. Neophytes contributed 14% of identified flora, the majority being invasive. In the phytosociological spectrum, the largest element was made up of taxa from Stellarietea mediae and Festuco valesiacae-Brometea erecti classes. Most of the railway stations studied excluding those in large cities, retain a link with the floristic composition of the plant communities of their biogeographic contexts. jugu Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine s višom godišnjom količinom oborina i temperaturom zraka (Ploče, Metković, Čapljina, Mostar) te ii) postaje u ruralnim područjima na isključivo višim nadmorskim visinama, uključujući i one u tri najveća dalmatinska grada, Zadru, Šibeniku i Splitu. Ukupno je utvrđeno 359 svojti (336 vrsta i 23 podvrste) vaskularnih biljaka svrstanih u 230 rodova i 62 porodice. Prevladavali su terofiti te svojte mediteranskog flornog elementa s značajnim udjelom široko rasprostranjenih svojti. Udio neofita u ukupnoj flori bio je 14%, a većina imaju status invazivnih svojti. Fitocenološki, najveći broj svojti svojstvene su vegetacijskim razredima Stellarietea mediae i Festuco valesiacae-Brometea erecti ili njihovim nižim sintaksonima. Najveći broj istraživanih željezničkih postaja, osim onih u velikim dalmatinskim gradovima, pokazuju vezu s florističkim sastavom biljnih zajednica unutar svojeg biogeografskog položaja.

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