M a r k T u r n e rInstitute Professor at Case Western Reserve University M a í r a A v e l a r Resumo: In this paper, we aim at presenting the concept of Blended Classic Joint Attention, BCJA (TURNER, 2015). At first, we discuss the concept of Classic Joint Attention (TOMASELLO, 1995, THOMAS;TURNER 2011) and then illustrate BCJA using a scene from a video made by Jout Jout, a Brazilian youtuber. After that, we discuss the concept of multimodal deixis and present our data which consist of four samples collected from the Distributed Little Red Hen Lab. Two of them are from Brazilian TV news and the other two from the US talk-show "The Daily Show". We analyzed the multimodal verbo-gestural compounds in which the spatial deictics "here" and "aqui" co-occur with manual gestures and eye gaze. Results show that in less prototypical examples, with fixed expressions, there is no interaction with the viewer. On the other hand, in more prototypical examples, the eye gaze is aimed at the viewer, while the manual gesture is aimed at the immediate interlocutor.Resumo: Neste artigo, temos por objetivo apresentar o conceito de "Atenção Compartilhada Clássica Mesclada", ACCM (TURNER, 2015). Primeiramente, discutimos o conceito de "Atenção Compartilhada Clássica" (TOMASELLO, 1995, THOMAS;TURNER, 2011), e, em seguida, ilustramos a ACCM utilizando cenas de um vídeo realizado pela youtuber brasileira Jout Jout. Na sequência, discutimos o conceito de dêixis multimodal e apresentamos nossos dados, que consistem em quatro amostras coletadas no Distributed Red Hen Lab. Dois vídeos pertencem a telejornais brasileiros e dois, ao programa de auditório norte-americano "The Daily Show". Analisamos compostos verbo-gestuais em que os dêiticos espaciais "aqui" e "here" co-ocorrem com gestos manuais e olhares. Os resultados demonstraram que, em exemplos menos prototípicos, em que ocorrem expressões verbais fixas, não há interação com o telespectador. Por outro lado, em exemplos mais prototípicos, os olhares são direcionados ao telespectador, enquanto os gestos manuais são direcionados ao interlocutor imediato.

International business negotiations are prone to several difficulties, one of the most fundamental of which being differences in cultural conceptualizations (Sharifian 2011). In order to explore how Brazilians and Germans conceptualizerespect in business negotiations, interviews in English with business negotiators were conducted and cultural conceptualizations analyzed. Following an ‘organic’ (Quinn 2005) and (mainly) qualitative approach to data, this paper presents: (a) the main conceptualizations found for both groups; (b) a cognitive-linguistic analysis of collocations of ‘respect’ found in the interviews; and (c) a preliminary sketch of group-level conceptualizations ofrespect in business negotiationsfor both groups. For Brazilians, the source domainslocationandvertical splittingwere salient, which points to the relevance of hierarchy. For Germans, the source domainhorizontal splittingand thesphere separationcultural schema were recurrent, which signals appreciation for the public-private sphere separation. These conceptual differences might have practical consequences in international negotiation scenarios.

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This article aims to discuss the concept of sociopragmatic failure (THOMAS, 1983) by focusing on American interviewees’ perceptions of the phenomenon as arising from utterances spoken by Brazilian learners of English. To achieve this aim, interviews were conducted with three American teachers working in Brazil. After watching video excerpts from previously recorded English classes, interviewees pointed out which utterances sounded inappropriate to them and commented on their perceptions of learners featured in the video, as well as on their experiences with Brazilian learners in general. Their responses were used as evidence for the hypothesis that different types of linguistic asymmetry - namely, structural, pragmatic, sociolinguistic, and discourse-related - can lead to sociopragmatic failure.

Following recents calls for the inclusion of conceptual aspects into world Englishes research, I report in this article on conceptualizations of business negotiations by Brazilian and German business people. I conducted semi‐structured interviews in English with nine participants from each country. Subsequently, I analyzed conceptualizations of respect, success, and conflict in business negotiations by looking at ‘conceptual scripts’ underlying interviewees’ answers. Results point to differences in how the Brazilian and the German interviewees conceptualize business negotiations.

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Abstract Following up on recent calls for studies dealing with first-order understandings of face (Arundale 2013; Haugh 2013), this paper presents arguments in favor of an empirical investigation of cultural conceptualizations (Sharifian 2011) underlying these first-order (or emic) models. The arguments are based on the findings of a study on business communication in international contexts (Mendes de Oliveira 2020). The study comprises the analysis of (a) interviews with business people from different sectors and (b) a compilation of e-mails exchanged by Brazilian and German employees of a healthcare company. I focus specifically on conceptualizations of ‘respect in business negotiations’ (Mendes de Oliveira 2017) as well as on their pragmatic instantiations in e-mails. For instance, the recurrent image schema vertical splitting in the Brazilian interview excerpts on the topic of respect in business negotiations is shown to be pragmatically instantiated in terms of how participants acknowledge ‘hierarchy’ in their construals of face in e-mail interactions. The image schema horizontal splitting is shown to be related to how German participants construe ‘face’ as a transactional phenomenon in the e-mail exchanges. I conclude that cultural conceptualizations play an important role in the Brazilian and German emic models of face. Future studies can take the reflections presented in this paper into consideration in order to strengthen the arguments that favor the inclusion of culturally-based views on face into an overarching theoretical model of face (Arundale 2013).

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