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Vitamin D deficiency is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors (eg, hypertension, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and dyslipidemia). We studied 50 obese patients (body mass index [BMI]: 43.5 ± 9.2 kg/m(2)) and 36 normal weight participants (BMI: 22.6 ± 1.9 kg/m(2)). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) was 88% among obese patients and 31% among nonobese individuals; 25(OH)D levels were lower in the obese group (27.3 ± 13.7 vs 64.6 ± 21.3 nmol/L; P < .001). There was a negative correlation between vitamin D level and anthropometric indicators of obesity: BMI (r = -0.64; P < .001), waist circumference (r = -0.59; P < .001), and body fat percentage (r = -0.64; P < .001) as well as with fasting plasma insulin (r = -0.35; P < .001) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r = -0.35; P < .001). In conclusion, we observed a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among obese participants and this was associated with a proatherogenic cardiometabolic risk profile.

The results of our study show a higher incidence of perinatal fetal morbidity (hypoglycemia, jaundice, respiratory distress syndrome) in the patients with type 1, type 2 and gestation diabetes than in the healthy controls. Also, we found a higher incidence of cesarean section in the patients with type 1 diabetes than in those with type 2, gestation diabetes and healthy controls. Although delivery in the patients with type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes was completed approximately one to two weeks earlier compared to the healthy controls there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of preterm delivery (≤ 36th week of gestation) between the women with diabetes and healthy controls. Preterm delivery associated with poorer glycaemic control reflected through higher values of HbA1c in third trimester. Risks from adverse pregnancy outcomes may be reduced to minimum by adequate preconception counseling of diabetic patients and early diagnosis of diabetes in pregnancy, in order to achieve glycemic control during organogenesis and within pregnancy and through the teamwork of endocrinologists, gynecologists and pediatricians.

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to describe the motor abilities of basketball players from the elite ranking of competition in Montenegro and Serbia, and to make a comparison between them. The sample included 48 participants divided into two sub-samples. The first sub-sample comprised 24 participants who were competing in the First Basketball League of Montenegro and the second sub-sample comprised 24 participants competing in the Serbian Super League. Standardized tests were used to assess motor abilities. For each variable, the central and dispersion parameters were calculated. The differences were determined using a t-test for small independent samples. The results showed that a significant difference was found for distance ball throwing, while no significant difference was present for the remaining variables. Therefore, the results indicate that Montenegrin basketball players have well-developed motor abilities and, in this characteristic, do not lag behind Serbian players.

This study aimed to consolidate body height, body weight, and body mass index data of the entire young male population from the Municipality of Cetinje in order to estimate trends from 1979 to 1987. The sample of respondents includes 2119 young males divided into nine groups: 183 respondents born in 1961, 361 respondents born in 1962, 300 respondents born in 1963, 162 respondents born in 1964, 155 respondents born in 1965, 258 respondents born in 1966, 218 respondents born in 1967, 234 respondents born in 1968, and 248 respondents born in 1969. The measurement sample includes body height, body weight, and body mass index calculated based on two previous measures. The descriptive statistics were expressed as a mean and standard deviation for each variable, while the analysis of nutrition status was done based on body mass index (underweight, normal weight, pre-obese, obese). The results showed that a secular trend in the observed study period is not visible regarding body height and body weight, while it is observable for the body mass index. Therefore, this study will contribute to complementing knowledge about changes in average body height values of young Montenegrins in the previous 120 years and in that way, more precisely monitor the emergence of a secular trend.

CSL could serve as a useful biomarker of early atherosclerosis in obese persons without previous history of cardiometabolic disorders but the final conclusion requires further testing.

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