Resumo Com o intuito de analisar a adequação dos Planos Estaduais de Segurança

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of two doses of monensin and lemon grass essential oil (Cymbopogum flexuosus) on nutrient intake and digestibility, ruminal fermentation and ingestive behavior of lambs fed a high-concentrate diet. Four ruminally cannulated ram lambs (44.7 ± 3.72 kg of BW and approximately 5 mo. old) in a 4 x 4 Latin square experimental design were used. The control diet (CONT) contained 15% of oat hay, 85% of concentrate and no additives. In the remaining diets it was included 12.5 (12.5MON) or 25.0 (25MON) mg/kg of monensin (as-fed basis) or 1 mL/kg of DM of lemon grass essential oil (EO). The treatments had no effect on the nutrient intake and digestibility. The lambs that received the EO treatment showed a higher ruminal pH in comparison to those that received the control diet. However, they did not differ from treatments with monensin. A quadratic response was observed for ruminal pH, with the highest value observed in the animals fed the diet 12.5MON. The lambs fed EO had a higher ruminal concentration of acetate than the diet with monensin. There was a quadratic response of monensin on ruminal concentration of acetate, with the lowest value observed for 12.5MON. The acetate:propionate ratio was lower in lambs fed 12.5MON compared to the control. EO decreased the ruminal concentration of butyrate; however, its concentration was higher in lambs fed monensin than EO diets. A lower concentration of total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) was observed in lambs fed 12.5MON. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) blood concentration was higher in the lambs fed EO compared to the control. EO increased rumen concentration of blood glucose compared to the treatments containing monensin and decreased the number of eggs per gram of feces (EGF). In addition, there was a quadratic response of monensin on the EGF, with a higher value in the lambs fed 12.5MON. In conclusion, half of the daily dose of monensin was more effective at increasing ruminal pH than the full dose, with no negative reflection on nutrient intake and digestibility, as well as on the ingestive behavior and parasitic load of the animals. Thus, 12.5MON may be indicated for lambs feed high concentrate diet. EO proved to be a good natural source to replace ionophores in diets for lambs.

Objective To describe the food and nutrition security situation of all municipalities of a Brazilian state. Methods The investigation was conducted using an assessment matrix developed through consensus workshops. The matrix is composed of 7 dimensions, 11 subdimensions, 27 indicators, and 59 items. Data were collected at the municipal level from different public databases using the state of Santa Catarina as the case study basis. Municipalities were classified according to their food and nutrition security situation as poor, fair, good, or excellent. Results Of the 295 Santa Catarina municipalities, 65.4% were rated as poor or fair in terms of food and nutrition security. The best-rated dimension was Continuing education, research, and training in food and nutrition security, followed by Agroecological production and sustainable food supply and Universal access to water and sanitation. The dimensions with the worst results were Food and nutrition at all levels of healthcare, Universal access to adequate food, and Assessment and monitoring. The dimension Traditional peoples and communities could not be evaluated because data were not available at the municipal level. Conclusion This study evidenced the need for a careful examination of the reality of Santa Catarina municipalities, as it made it possible to qualitatively characterize public policies within the context of food and nutrition security. The findings may contribute to the debate on evaluation and assist managers in strengthening food and nutrition security policies in Brazilian municipalities.

This study analyzed the trajectory of interests and priorities related to food security expressed in the reports of the five National Food and Nutritional Security Conferences (Conferências Nacionais de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional - CN-SAN) held in Brazil between 1994 and2015. The documentary research was systematized through content analysis with a quantitative and qualitative focus. Food security dimensions were identified in the 1,181 action proposals assessed through an analysis model consisting of 3 cross-sectional categories, 8 thematic categories, and 10 subcategories. The temporal content analysis revealed: continuous reduction in demands for "universal access to adequate food", especially in the subcategory "employment and income"; constant predominance of the category "structuring sustainable food production and supply systems" with a progressive increase in the subcategory "incentive to agroecology-based production"; and increased demands for "prioritization of traditional peoples and communities". The timeline suggests different contributions of the Conferences to the evolution of the debate on food security in Brazil. However, the insertion of social actors in the process of formulating the Brazilian National Food and Nutritional Security Policy did not guarantee the incorporation of the problems into the public agenda, which should be re-established and deepened in the decision-making processes. The findings attest to the importance of social participation for the theoretical and political qualification of food security in Brazil.

Objective Evaluate the contribution of Popular Restaurants in promoting Food and Nutrition Security and fighting hunger. Methods This is an integrative review with searches performed in Scopus, Virtual Health Library, Directory of Open Access Journals, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The capture of studies was limited to the period from 2011 to 2021. The articles were categorized according to the focus of the evaluation carried out, conceptualization and thematic analysis procedures, and aggregated into five categories of analysis: 1) users’ profile; 2) food handlers; 3) leftovers, food loss and waste; 4) physical-functional structure; and 5) promotion of the human right to adequate food. Results 35 articles were included. There was a predominance of a quantitative approach and, among the focus of the studies, the most recurrent was related to the “users’ profile” (54%), followed by the categories: “food handlers” (14%), “Leftovers, food loss and waste” (14%), “promotion of the Human Right to Adequate Food” (12%), and “physical-functional structure (6%). 88.5% of the studies discuss the equipment in a sectored way, evaluating specific items of the equipment and/or the population served. Only four studies discussed Popular Restaurants as promoters of the Human Right to Adequate Food. Conclusion There was a scarcity of the analyzed literature, attesting to the existing gap in the role of Popular Restaurants in the promotion of Food and Nutrition Security. It is recommended to carry out evaluative studies that can contribute to the qualification and expansion of Popular Restaurants as instruments to promote the Human Right to Adequate Food and fight hunger.

This study aimed to analyze the multiple characteristics of the decentralization of the Brazilian National Food and Nutritional Security System (SISAN) in a period before the institutional dismantling. Data from the 26 Brazilian states were collected in two public information systems, referring to the years 2017/2018. An exploratory and descriptive study was performed using a hierarchical cluster analysis, based on an analysis model with multiple characteristics of the system decentralization. The results indicated the formation of three clusters, showing the similarity among states with greater intersectoral and participatory character, better relationship with municipalities, and allocation of resources. On the other hand, states with less intersectoral and participatory character, linked to the low allocation of resources, execution of food security actions, and municipal support were clustered. These clusters composed mainly of North and Northeastern states, with a lower Gross Domestic Product, average Human Development Index, and a higher occurrence of food insecurity, expressed characteristics that may be related to greater obstacles in the system decentralization process. This information can help in the decision-making about the SISAN in a more equitable manner, supporting the actors involved in its maintenance and defense, at a time when the country presents an austere political and economic situation, marked by the progressive worsening of food insecurity.