As a health problem, obesity has several risk factors; it has been suggested that human adenovirus type 36 (HAdV-36) infections may possibly be associated with obesity. This updated meta-analysis was designed and conducted with an emphasis on articles published from 2015 to 2020. The PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched up to 1 December 2020. Overall, pooled prevalence and odds ratio of antibodies against HAdV-36 in people with obesity and controls was assessed among different ages. Case-control and cohort studies were included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of HAdV-36 infection in obese population was 31% (CI: 0.24%-0.38%) which was 32% in cases and 27% in controls, respectively; a significant association was found between the cases and the controls (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.39-2.43), especially in children younger than 18 years of age (OR, 2.44; 95% CI,. A significant association between adenovirus infection and obesity was found, especially in adolescents. K E Y W O R D Shuman adenovirus type 36, meta-analysis, obesity | INTRODUCTIONObesity is a multifactorial and complicated problem that has a devastating impact on health. 1 Many research studies have shown that obesity caused a higher chance of hyperlipidaemia, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension and decreased life expectancy. [2][3][4][5] There are several different interpretations for obesity but generally defined by the presence of excess body fat

Human astroviruses (HAstVs) have frequently been detected in individuals with acute gastroenteritis (AGE). However, a precise estimate of the overall prevalence of the virus in children with AGE as well as the possible association of the virus with gastrointestinal complications is not available up to now. The present study estimated the overall prevalence of HAstVs in children with gastrointestinal complications as well as the association between the virus and symptoms. We systematically searched four international databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google scholar) to find studies on the prevalence of HAstVs in people with AGE published between Jan 2000 and Sep 2021. Analysis of the 223 included studies presented a 4.2% (95% CI 3.8%–4.8%) prevalence of the virus in AGE individuals. Based on case‐control studies, a significant association between these viruses and AGE was detected (OR: 2.059, 95% CI; 1.438–2.949). HAstV‐1 and HAstV‐VA‐2 is the most and least common genotypes in the AGE patients, respectively (59.0%, 95% CI: 52.1%–65.6% vs. 4.9%, 95% CI: 2.6%–9.1%). Due to the statistically significant association between HAstV and gastrointestinal complications, more attention should be paid to these viruses in people with AGE and more studies should employ case‐control design.

Background: Toxocariasis caused by Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati is a worldwide zoonotic parasitic infection that can be acquired from contaminated soil. The soil contamination of public places and parks is one of the effective factors in human pollution. Objectives: The current study was designed and implemented to investigate the prevalence of Toxocara species eggs in the soil of Marand parks (in the northwest of Iran). Materials and Methods: Present cross-sectional study was conducted between September and December 2021. Overall, 160 samples were collected from 10 large parks with high traffic and then analyzed by parasitological techniques (sucrose flotation). Results: The overall prevalence was assessed at 27.2% in Marand public parks; the highest and lowest prevalence rates were related to Besat park and Shahr park, respectively (39.6% vs. 19.3%). The maximum number of recovered eggs from 100 grams of soil was seven eggs. Conclusion: Considering the remarkable prevalence of Toxocara spp. in the Marand parks, control and preventive measures seem necessary.