As statins decrease the progression of sepsis and its related mortality, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of atorvastatin on survival and symptom improvement in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19. This randomized controlled trial was performed on 156 hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 in Bojnourd city in 2021. Patients were randomly divided into comparison (standard therapy: hydroxychloroquine + Kaletra®) and intervention groups (atorvastatin 20 mg, SD, plus standard therapy). The main outcomes were the rate of symptom improvement, duration of hospitalization, need for intubation, and mortality rate. In this study, seven patients died, two patients (2.6%) in the comparison group and five (6.6%) in the intervention group. The mean hospitalization days (
p
= 0.001), the pulse rate (
p
= 0.004), and the frequency of hospitalization in the ICU ward (18.4% vs. 1.3%) were longer and greater in the intervention group. The remission probability in the comparison group was greater (
p
= 0.0001). The median hospitalization days in the intervention group was longer (
p
< 0.001) and remission in the comparison group occurred 1.71 times sooner (hazard ratio = 1.70, 95% confidence interval = 1.22–2.38,
p
= 0.002). Totally, adding atorvastatin to the standard regime in this study increased hospitalization days and imposed negative effects on symptom improvement in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19.
Background: Breast cancer is reported as one of the most common cancers among females worldwide. Infectious agents especially viruses have been considered as role players in the development of breast cancer. Although some investigations suggest an association between bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and breast cancer, the involvement of this virus as a risk factor remains controversial. The present study aimed to find out any possible association between BLV and breast cancer through conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Systematic literature search was performed by finding related case-control articles from the PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE databases. The heterogeneity and the multivariable-adjusted OR and corresponding 95% CI were applied by meta-analysis and forest plot across studies. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata 14.1. Result: Based on a comprehensive literature search, 9 case-control studies were included for meta-analysis. The combination of all included studies showed that BLV infection is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer [summary OR (95% CI) 2.57 (1.45, 4.56)]. Conclusion: This is the first meta-analysis to analyze a potential association between BLV infection and the risk of breast cancer. Control of the infection in cattle herds and screening of the milk and dairy products may help to reduce the transmission of the virus to humans.
Background & Objectives: Osteoarthritis is considered as the most common chronic disease and cause of disability in the elderly. Self-management can be appropriate to relieve the symptoms of osteoarthritis as one of the most suitable approaches in people with chronic diseases. This study aimed to determine the effect of self-management education program on disability of elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis referring to the elderly care clinic of Imam Reza (AS) treatment center in Shiraz. Material & Methods: Firstly, an on hand sampling was done in this quasi-experimental study on elderly patients with osteoarthritis of knee. Then they were randomly divided into two groups: intervention (41 patients) and control groups (41 cases). The questionnaire contained demographic information and WOMAK tool was used to determine the severity of disability, which was performed at before, immediately after, and eight weeks after the intervention for both groups. The intervention was consisted of six sessions of group education in self-management included information about the disease and treatment, medication management, symptom management, management of psychosocial consequences, lifestyle (including exercise), social support and so on. The control group received usual care. Data was analyzed using the SPSS20 and descriptiveanalytical tests (the significance level was α = 0/05). Results: The two groups were matched in the case of age, sex, education level, marital status, disease severity, body mass index, and earnings based on chi-square tests and independent t-test (p> 0.5). Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in the mean score of disability between the intervention and control groups (p= 0.55). However, the mean score of disability was significantly less in the case group rather than the control one, after the intervention (22.76±14.71 vs. 42.50±17.43) (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The performance of self-management program can be useful in reducing morbidity of patients with knee osteoarthritis. Therefore, it can be used as an effective empowering method.
As a health problem, obesity has several risk factors; it has been suggested that human adenovirus type 36 (HAdV-36) infections may possibly be associated with obesity. This updated meta-analysis was designed and conducted with an emphasis on articles published from 2015 to 2020. The PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched up to 1 December 2020. Overall, pooled prevalence and odds ratio of antibodies against HAdV-36 in people with obesity and controls was assessed among different ages. Case-control and cohort studies were included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of HAdV-36 infection in obese population was 31% (CI: 0.24%-0.38%) which was 32% in cases and 27% in controls, respectively; a significant association was found between the cases and the controls (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.39-2.43), especially in children younger than 18 years of age (OR, 2.44; 95% CI,. A significant association between adenovirus infection and obesity was found, especially in adolescents.
K E Y W O R D Shuman adenovirus type 36, meta-analysis, obesity
| INTRODUCTIONObesity is a multifactorial and complicated problem that has a devastating impact on health. 1 Many research studies have shown that obesity caused a higher chance of hyperlipidaemia, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension and decreased life expectancy. [2][3][4][5] There are several different interpretations for obesity but generally defined by the presence of excess body fat
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