The agricultural production and agro-industrial sector are two major industries, the performance of which has an impact on the living standard of the population in different countries. The high quality of production in the agro-industrial sector determines both the availability of food for the population and the food security of the country. Taking into account that the most developed countries and countries with the transitive economy have already overcome the problem of food deficiency, and that still this problem exists in developing countries, this article suggests using a traditional tool for the quality management (Deming Cycle or PDCA), complemented by a strategically oriented approach. The main findings of the article are as follows: Firstly, the problem of food sufficiency is solved in the global economy in a different way; the majority of population in developing countries does not have access to good quality food. This has a negative impact on their vital activities, as well as on the overall socioeconomic development of such countries; Secondly, the use of complicated management tools for steadily improvement of the production quality in the agro-industrial sector of developing countries is not always feasible from scientific and practical points of view. The complication of the tools does not involve the solution of the problem; Thirdly, a traditional quality management tool, known as the Deming Cycle or PDCA, has a significant potential for use even now. This article provides a strategic approach to the use of the Deming Cycle (PDCA) to solve the problem of deficiency and low availability of good quality food supplies in developing countries.
Saturation of developed markets opens opportunities for food retailers to enter emerging markets. Due to this, there is active expansion of the largest network retailers of international level in emerging markets. Like in many emerging markets, modern formats of trade have been developed in Russia, such as supermarkets and hypermarkets. The major purpose of this article is to substantiate the practical value of the EVA concept in assessing the performance of food retailing enterprises. Quantitative methods of analysis of industry sectors and enterprises are applied to identify the trends in development of the Russian FMCG (Fast-moving consumer goods) retail market. Scientific value of the work lies in the development of the method for assessing the economic EVA profit, which was applied in practical assessment of performance of food retailing enterprises. The results obtained during the study revealed that only three of the five companies under study use the owners' invested funds efficiently. The other two large FMCG retailers use investment capital inefficiently, which has led to a drop in the market value of the enterprises. Practice of international companies that apply such an indicator as EVA to assess their performance indicates the expediency of its calculation in the assessment of the investment of network retailers in expanding the commodity-producing infrastructure in emerging markets.
Decision-making in the regional economy from the point of view of the cluster approach is gaining increasing popularity in Russia. Clustering contributes to the effectiveness of regional development, and, in turn, necessitates the development of a cluster policy that would increase the benefits of the region and the national economy. The paper presents the results of the study of regional clusters of the Far East of the Russian Federation. The aim of the paper is to develop a methodology that allows identifying clustering processes and its approbation (case study of the Far Eastern Federal District). The developed methodology makes it possible to determine the stage of the life cycle of an identified cluster, as well as to find the problem factors that impede its development. The study is based on the methodology of the European Cluster Observatory, supplemented by indicators of investment in fixed assets and the sectoral structure of gross value added, as well as a method for analyzing the structural shifts in the economy. The criteria for assessing the stage of the operation of clusters based on the introduced scale are proposed. Because of the calculations, it was revealed that most identified clusters are at the stage of cluster initiatives' formation, except for the fishery cluster of the Sakhalin Region, which is defined by the authors as formed. Other identified clusters belong to the following economic activities: "mining", "production and distribution of electricity, gas and water", "public administration and ensuring military security", "transportation and communications" and "health and social services". At the same time, there is practically no cluster development in processing types of economic activity and service sectors. The presented results testify to the high share of raw materials' production in the economy of the Far East, which reduces the likelihood of implementing the current state policy for the development of an innovative economy.
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