Reward and recognition are usually regarded as synonyms. They are, however, quite distinct and represent a fundamental duality in human motivation. Despite the overwhelming theoretical and research support for this duality, it continues to be ignored in the actual practice of designing and implementing employee motivation initiatives. Consequently, motivation programs are ineffective and may even erode employees’ ability to engage with their work. More important is the adverse impact on the ability to understand and learn about human motivation. Only when recognition and reward are treated as two distinct phenomena will the effectiveness of employee motivation initiatives be improved. This article clarifies the differences between the two distinct subsystems of human motivation and describes the different strategic role played by each subsystem. Specific recommendations for the design and implementation of employee motivation programs, given the recognition-reward distinction, are discussed.

In the new knowledge economy, intellectual property has become an important strategic issue. However, in many firms, the management of intellectual property (IP) is still divorced from business strategy. People still think that``managing IP strategically'' means having an IP strategy rather than managing IP according to business strategy. We argue that intellectual property is strategic only to the extent that it links to the firm's core capabilities and that not all intellectual property is core to business strategy. We present a model for identifying the function of intellectual property in a firm's business strategy and present specific recommendations for protecting, valuing and generating IP from a strategic point of view.

The coordination chemistry of silver(I) with the nitrogen-bridged ligands (C(6)H(5))(2)PN(R)P(C(6)H(5))(2) [R = H (dppa); R = CH(3) (dppma)] has been investigated by (31)P NMR and electrospray mass spectrometry (ESMS). Species observed by (31)P NMR include Ag(2)(mu-dppa)(2+), Ag(2)(mu-dppa)(2)(2+), Ag(2)(mu-dppa)(3)(2+), Ag(2)(mu-dppma)(2+), Ag(2)(mu-dppma)(2)(2+), and Ag(eta(2)-dppma)(2)(+). Species observed by ESMS at low cone voltages were Ag(2)(dppa)(2)(2+), Ag(2)(dppa)(3)(2+), Ag(2)(dppma)(2)(2+), and Ag(dppma)(2)(+). (C(6)H(5))(2)PN(CH(3))P(C(6)H(5))(2) showed a strong tendency to chelate, while (C(6)H(5))(2)PN(H)P(C(6)H(5))(2) preferred to bridge. Differences in the bridging versus chelating behavior of the ligands are assigned to the Thorpe-Ingold effect, where the methyl group on nitrogen sterically interacts with the phenyl groups on phosphorus. The crystal structure of the three-coordinate dinuclear silver(I) complex (Ag(2)[(C(6)H(5))(2)PN(H)P(C(6)H(5))(2)](3))(BF(4))(2) has been determined. Bond distances include Ag-Ag = 2.812(1) A, Ag(1)-P(av) = 2.492(3) A, and Ag(2)-P(av) = 2.509(3) A. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group Cc at 294 K, with a = 18.102(4)(o), Z = 4, V = 7261(3) A(3), R = 0.0503, and R(W) = 0.0670.

The dinuclear AgI phosphine complex [Ag2(dppp)2]2+ [dppp = 1,3‐bis­(di­phenyl­phosphino)­propane] has been crystallized as the BF4− salt, viz. [Ag2(C27H26P2)2](BF4)2, in order to reduce the effects of coordination by the anion. The dimeric complex consists of two‐coordinate AgI centers bridged by dppp ligands. The P—Ag—P bond angle deviates significantly from linearity, with a value of 159.66 (3)°. The Ag—P bond distances are close to being equal, with values of 2.3935 (7) and 2.4016 (7) Å. The cation has a center of symmetry midway between the two Ag atoms.

Objective: To identify strengths and weaknesses in community based child passenger safety programs by developing a scoring instrument and conducting observations of child restraint use in three Native American communities. Setting: The three communities are autonomous Tribal reservations in the Pacific Northwest. Their per capita incomes and rates of unemployment are comparable. Methods: In each community, 100 children under 5 years old were observed for car seat use. A six item community assessment tool (100 points maximum) awarded points for such items as the type (primary or secondary) and enforcement of child restraint laws; availability of car seats from distribution programs; extent of educational programs; and access to data on vehicle injuries. Results: For children from birth to 4 years, the car seat use rate ranged from 12%-21%. Rates for infants (71%-80%) far exceeded rates for 1-4 year old children (5%-14%). Community scores ranged from 0 to 31.5 points. There was no correlation between scores and observed car seat use. One reason was the total lack of enforcement of restraint laws. Conclusions: A community assessment tool can highlight weaknesses in child passenger efforts. Linking such a tool with an objective measure of impact can be applied to other injury problems, such as fire safety or domestic violence. The very process of creating and implementing a community assessment can enhance agency collaboration and publicize evidence based "best practices" for injury prevention. Further study is needed to address methodologic issues and to examine crash and medical data in relation to community child passenger safety scores.

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