Background Sodium disulfite (SD), also known as sodium metabisulfite, is an increasingly recognized cause of allergic contact dermatitis. Objectives The objective of this work was to characterize individuals with positive patch test reactions to SD as well as analyse reaction strength, clinical relevance, and sources. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of patients patch tested with SD (1% petrolatum) by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG), 2017 to 2018. Results Of 4885 patients patch tested with SD, 132 (2.7%) had a positive reaction. Common primary anatomic sites of dermatitis were face (28.8%), hands (20.5%), and a scattered/generalized distribution (13.6%). Compared with SD‐negative patients, SD‐positive patients were more likely male (odds ratio 2.81, 95% confidence interval 1.98‐4.00) and/or over 40 years (odds ratio 1.95, 95% confidence interval 1.30‐2.94). Reactions were most commonly + (50.4%) or ++ (34.1%); 65.2% were considered currently relevant. About 15.2% were definitively confirmed in sources, commonly personal care products (18.9%, especially hair dye), and drugs/medications/alcoholic beverages (9.1%). Only 2.3% of positive reactions were linked to occupation. Conclusions Positive reactions to SD occurred in 2.7% of tested patients. Reactions were often clinically relevant and linked to personal care products and drugs/medications/alcoholic beverages.

single-nucleotide polymorphism (c.2268G>A) according to sequenced mRNA, whereas Sanger sequencing of the patient's blood detected the single-nucleotide polymorphism in a heterozygous form. The allele carrying the missense mutation is successfully transcribed into mRNA, but no protein is detected in the epidermis or keratinocytes. We assume protein degradation due to potential conformational change of the protein, resulting in protein instability and/or failure of protein-protein interaction. For now, this remains unresolved.AP1B1 encodes the large b-subunit of the adaptor protein (AP)1 complexes, which play an important role in polarized vesicular transport in eukaryotic cells. AP1 is involved in the formation of clathrin-associated vesicles and the selection of cargo proteins in the trans-Golgi network and/or endosomes for basolateral transport. 5,6 The pathophysiological causes of KIDAR have not yet been clarified, but previous studies have indicated that cell-polarity defects may cause at least deafness and hyperproliferation, 2,7 whereas epidermal consequences remain to be investigated.In summary, we demonstrate that compound heterozygous mutations in AP1B1 can induce complete loss of protein in human epidermis and may cause the symptoms described in our index patient. In addition to expanding the extremely short list of diagnosed AP1B1-deficient patients and specification of the main clinical features of this new syndrome, we describe the molecular consequences of AP1B1 mutations at the mRNA and protein levels.

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Day 4 patch test reading to titanium (IV) oxalate hydrate 5% pet. and the internal magnetic metal port of tissue expander, tested "as is"

IMPORTANCE Patch test screening series for patients with dermatitis are limited and may miss clinically relevant contact allergens.OBJECTIVE To characterize individuals with dermatitis who showed clinically relevant patch test findings to supplemental (nonscreening) allergens or substances.

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BackgroundMethyldibromoglutaronitrile/phenoxyethanol (MDBGN/PE) is a broad-spectrum preservative mixture used in consumer and industrial products.ObjectivesThe aims of the study were (1) to characterize the prevalence and clinical relevance of patch test reactions to MDBGN/PE and the epidemiology of positive patients and (2) to determine the frequency of concomitant reactions of MDBGN/PE and its components.MethodsThis study used a retrospective analysis of cross-sectional data compiled by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group from 1994 to 2018.ResultsOf 55,477 tested patients, 2674 (4.8%) had positive patch test reactions to MDBGN/PE (1.0%–2.5% petrolatum [pet]); most were + (63.3%) or ++ (22.3%). Clinical relevance was considered definite in 3.0% and probable in 19.3% of reactions. Common dermatitis sites included the hands (26.4%), scattered/generalized distribution (24.7%), and the face (18.3%). Patients with a positive reaction to MDBGN/PE and/or MDBGN and/or PE were significantly more likely to be male and older than 40 years and/or had hand dermatitis (P ≤ 0.0033). Positivity to MDBGN/PE 2.0% pet decreased significantly over time (from 6.0% in 1998–2000 to 2.5% in 2017–2018, P < 0.0001). Personal care products were the most common exposure source (53.2%).ConclusionsOver time, positivity to MDBGN/PE 2.0% pet decreased significantly from 6.0% (in 1998–2000) to 2.5% (in 2017–2018). The high proportion of weak (63.3%) reactions underscore the need for careful interpretation of patch test sites. Important demographic associations included male sex and age older than 40 years.