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These results support the hypothesis that the mediating variable in this deficit is that of preoccupying cognitions concerning food and body shape.

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SYNOPSISIn one of a continuing series of studies, the cognitive performance of normal weight female dieters was compared on two sessions, 3 weeks apart. Those who reported themselves as being on a weight-reducing diet on only one of the two sessions displayed poorer vigilance performance, slower reaction times and poorer immediate recall of words when they were dieting. In contrast, performance on a low processing load tapping task was unaffected. Self-report measures showed that dietary restraint, but not state anxiety or depression was increased during dieting. These results are interpreted in terms of an association between dieting behaviour and high levels of distractibility, and extend earlier findings by demonstrating that these deficits in cognitive performance are closely related to dieting or the perceived need to diet per se.

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The current study investigated the presence of an attentional bias towards the processing of body shape and food‐related material amongst noneating disordered women. Subjects carried out a computer‐based Stroop color‐naming task in which they had to name the colors of food‐related words, body shape‐related words, and two sets of matched neutral words. Significant color‐naming disruptions of both food and body shape‐related material were found for highly restrained eaters, irrespective of whether they were currently dieting. There were no reliable differences in color‐naming times found for low to medium restrained eaters. Procedural differences probably account for the failure of previous studies to reveal such effects in nonclinical groups. © 1993 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.