Abstract. Gas and particle measurements are described for optically thick regional hazes, dominated by aged smoke from biomass buming, in the cermdo and rain forested regions of Brazil. The hazes tended to be evenly mixed from the surface to the trade wind inversion at 34 km in altitude. The properties of aged gases and particles in the regional hazes were significantly different from those of young smoke (<4 min old). As the smoke aged, the total amount of carbon in non-methane hydrocarbon species (C

The collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) buildings #2 (South Tower), #1 (North Tower), and #7 created an enormous collapse pile which emitted intense plumes of acrid smoke and dust until roughly mid-December, when the last spontaneous surface fire occurred. We collected particles by size (8 modes, ≈12 to 0.09 micrometers diameter) and time (typical resolution of 1 to 3 h) from October 2 until late December at the EML 201 Varick Street site roughly 1.8 km NNE of the collapse site and 50 m above ground level. Here we show some of the 70,000 mass and elemental data from the time period October 2 through October 30. Identification of a WTC collapse pile source for aerosols seen at the receptor site were based upon the simultaneous presence of finely powdered concrete, gypsum, and glass with intense very fine combustion mode mass episodes concurrent with winds from the southwest

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Direct observation of superplastic deformation in shear in a scanning electron microscope in Pb-62% Sn eutectic alloy at different microstructural levels were performed. The sliding of grains as an entity was observed. Such cooperative grain-boundary sliding proceeds by means of the sequential shear of grains along shear surfaces, and is accompanied by cooperative grain-boundary migration. The pattern of shear surfaces at the level of the entire deformed volume is close to one that is predicted by slip-lines field theory. The processes to accommodate deformation of grain-boundary sliding include the operation of grain-boundary migration, intragranular deformation, and grain rotation. A critical analysis of the proposed geometrical models for superplastic flow is given. The model of sequential shear of grains as a result of the movement of cellular dislocations is extended to the case of the two-phase material, having structure that is typical for superplastic eutectics.

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An accurate and sensitive yet simple protocol for the analysis of toluene in submilliliter quantities of whole blood using stable-isotope dilution GC-MS has been developed and evaluated for use in pharmacokinetic studies of toluene exposure. The method involves the use of toluene-d8, a relatively inexpensive chemical used as a solvent for nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, as an internal standard and extraction with pentane. This procedure allows for the determination of toluene in whole blood down to approximately 5 ng/mL and is suitable for pharmacokinetic measurements and biomonitoring of exposure to toluene.