Geometric/aerodynamic equivalent diameter ratios of ash aggregate aerosols collected in burning Kuwaiti well fields

Reid, Jeffrey S.; Cahill, Thomas A.; Wakabayashi, Paul; Dunlap, Michael R.

doi:10.1016/1352-2310(94)90362-x

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Because the coarse mode consists of ash, carbon aggregates, partially combusted foliage, and soil particles, shapes are generally quite complicated (Radke et al, 1991;Martins et al, 1996;Reid and Hobbs, 1998). Consequently, the difference be- tween geometric, equivalent mass, and aerodynamic diameters can vary by more than a factor of 2, and the relationship between the geometric and equivalent optical diameters for such ash aggregates is even more uncertain (Reid et al, 1994). Thus, even though such particles may only account for ∼10-20% of the measured particle mass, their contributions to absorption and scattering properties of the aerosol are uncertain and probably cannot always be neglected.…”

Section: Size and Morphology Of Freshly Generated Smoke Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles

Reid¹,

et al. 2005

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Abstract. The last decade has seen tremendous advances in atmospheric aerosol particle research that is often performed in the context of climate and global change science. Biomass burning, one of the largest sources of accumulation mode particles globally, has been closely studied for its radiative, geochemical, and dynamic impacts. These studies have taken many forms including laboratory burns, in situ experiments, remote sensing, and modeling. While the differing perspectives of these studies have ultimately improved our qualitative understanding of biomass-burning issues, the varied nature of the work make inter-comparisons and resolutions of some specific issues difficult. In short, the literature base has become a milieu of small pieces of the biomass-burning puzzle. This manuscript, the second part of four, examines the properties of biomass-burning particle emissions. Here we review and discuss the literature concerning the measurement of smoke particle size, chemistry, thermodynamic properties, and emission factors. Where appropriate, critiques of measurement techniques are presented. We show that very large differences in measured particle properties have appeared in the literature, in particular with regards to particle carbon budgets. We investigate emissions uncertainties using scale analyses, which shows that while emission factors for grass and brush are relatively well known, very large uncertainties still exist in emission factors of boreal, temperate and some tropical forests. Based on an uncertainty analysis of the community data set of biomass burning measurements, we present simplified models for particle size and emission factors. We close this review paper with a discussion of the community experimental data, point to lapses in the data set, and prioritize future research topics.

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Section: Size and Morphology Of Freshly Generated Smoke Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles

Reid¹,

et al. 2005

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“…Particle diameter in the work is defined as D p = 2 · √ Ar ea/π (Allen 1990;Hinds 1999). The diameter measured by microscopy is usually referred to as the geometric (Weiss et al 1992;Reid et al 1994) or physical diameter ). This geometric diameter will be used throughout the rest of the article.…”

Section: Particle Size and Shape Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Particle Morphology and Acidity

Coz

Artı́ñano

Robinson

et al. 2008

Aerosol Science and Technology

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The morphological characterization of particles during the Pittsburgh Air Quality Study (PAQS) suggests that particle shape and physical state depends on their acidity. The aerosol shape parameters measured by Computer-Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy (CCSEM) are statistically different in periods when atmospheric particles are neutral and when they are acidic. High concentrations of particles smaller than 500 nm with high sulfur content and liquid appearance or signs of a previous liquid state before partial or total recrystallization are present on filters collected in days with high aerosol acidity. By contrast, in winter and summer periods in which the aerosol was neutral, the shape parameter values are similar and suggest that the particles have been dried out. These direct observations support the hypothesis that during summer acidic periods in the Eastern United States the particles may contain some water even at low relative humidity both in the atmosphere and on filters.

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“…Based on the size distribution, it is likely that there were components in the ultrafine mode <0.09 µm diameter, but these particles were not collected. The levels of mass and several of the very fine components were the highest we have recorded in a variety of studies, including on the ground in the oil fields of Kuwait, June 1991 (Reid et al 1994). Note that a study in May 2002 at the 55 Liberty Street near the WTC site showed very low concentrations of essentially all very fine species except sulfur, possibly reflecting heavy use of diesels in the WTC pit at that time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…S-XRF is X-ray fluorescence in which the primary excitation source consists of polarized X-rays from a synchrotron. We have used this technique on samples from the Kuwaiti oil fires at the Stanford Linear Accelerator (Cahill 1992;Reid 1994), and it is becoming more widely appreciated (Khodzher et al 2000) as a tool for aerosol analysis. The advantages are many, including removal of more than 95% of the X-ray background due to the polarization of the beam and the ability to focus the beam into small areas due to ALS's extraordinary source brightness.…”

Section: Elemental By S-xrfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples were collected in a slotted rotating drum impactor (Lundgren 1967), a technique in which the UC Davis Air Quality Group and DELTA Group have specialized for the past 30 years (some examples are in Cahill et al 1974Cahill et al , 1981Cahill et al , 1989Flocchini et al 1976;Feeney et al 1975;Barone et al 1978;Flocchini et al 1981;Reid et al 1994;and summarized in Cahill and Wakabayshi 1993) totaling almost 17,000 site days of sampling and analysis, most recently in international studies of aerosol transport (Reid et al 1993;Perry et al 1997Perry et al , 1999 including the large study, ACE-Asia 2001. The present version, an 8 stage rotating drum impactor called a DRUM (Davis Rotatingdrum Unit for Monitoring) was developed (Cahill et al 1985;Raabe et al 1988), modified (O.…”

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Aerosols from the World Trade Center Collapse Site, New York, October 2 to October 30, 2001

Cahill

Cliff

Perry

et al. 2004

Aerosol Science and Technology

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The collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) buildings #2 (South Tower), #1 (North Tower), and #7 created an enormous collapse pile which emitted intense plumes of acrid smoke and dust until roughly mid-December, when the last spontaneous surface fire occurred. We collected particles by size (8 modes, ≈12 to 0.09 micrometers diameter) and time (typical resolution of 1 to 3 h) from October 2 until late December at the EML 201 Varick Street site roughly 1.8 km NNE of the collapse site and 50 m above ground level. Here we show some of the 70,000 mass and elemental data from the time period October 2 through October 30. Identification of a WTC collapse pile source for aerosols seen at the receptor site were based upon the simultaneous presence of finely powdered concrete, gypsum, and glass with intense very fine combustion mode mass episodes concurrent with winds from the southwest

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Geometric/aerodynamic equivalent diameter ratios of ash aggregate aerosols collected in burning Kuwaiti well fields

Cited by 21 publications

References 8 publications

A review of biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles

A review of biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles

Individual Particle Morphology and Acidity

Analysis of Aerosols from the World Trade Center Collapse Site, New York, October 2 to October 30, 2001

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