This study characterized women's concurrent and subsequent levels of emotional distress associated with a questionable mammogram screening and relationships between women's coping and psychosocial adjustment. State anxiety was assessed in 98 women 1 day after receiving a mammogram screening (Time 1), after notification of a questionable screening result that necessitated additional testing (Time 2), and after being informed of their breast-cancer-free status (Time 3). Key findings include (a) women reported a significant increase in anxiety following notification of the need to return for follow-up testing; (b) significant and positive associations were found between anxiety and behavioral approach, behavioral avoidance, cognitive approach, and cognitive avoidance coping in cross-sectional analyses; and (c) cognitive avoidance coping was a strong predictor of final levels of state anxiety in women. Findings suggest that cognitive avoidance coping plays an important role in reducing anxiety in women recalled to clarify an initially ambiguous screening procedure.
The efficacy of two types of theapy conducted exclusively over the telephone was studied. Clients (N=55) were recruited from a pool of callers to a suicide hotline and were randomly assigned to a waiting list control (WC) or Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) or Common Factors Therapy (CFT). It was hypothesized that improvements would be significantly higher in the two therapy conditions compared to the waitlist control and SFBT would be significantly more efficacious than CFT. Results confirmed that improvement was significantly higher in the two treatment conditions compared to the waitlist control, but no difference in improvement was found between SFBT and CFT. The implications of these findings for suicide hotlines are discussed.
This investigation tested the effects of 2 different E interventions on the conditioning of affective verbal behavior. The interview was divided into 3 10-minute periods: operant level, acquisition, and extinction. During acquisition E either echoed S's affective self-reference or paraphrased its content. In a control treatment, E arbitrarily echoed or paraphrased a comparable number of nonaffective comments. Following extinction Ss listed all affective words they remembered E saying. Results indicated that the paraphrase was significantly most effective in influencing Ss' verbal behavior. The paraphrase group also recalled a significantly greater number of affective words expressed by E. The results were interpreted as indicating the dominant role of discriminative stimuli in verbal conditioning performance.
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