Background: Propolis is a natural biocompatible material that has been widely studied in dentistry because of its inflammatory, anti-microbial and immunomodulatory properties. One of the active components is caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE). CAPE is effective in stimulating collagen as well as inhibiting the inflammation and degeneration of dental pulp. Purpose: To investigate the post-administration of propolis extract as pulp capping material enhances odontoblast-like cell thickness and type 1 collagen expression in Wistar rats (Rattus Norvegicus) Methods: This research was a true experimental design with a posttest-only control group design. Sixty-three Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups, with each group consisting of 21 rats: Group I: Positive control; no capping material was administered; Group II: CAPE was administered; Group III: 11% of the propolis extract was administered. All samples were filled with glass ionomer cement. Seven rats from each group were sacrificed after days 7, 14 and 28 of post-pulp capping administration, and their afflicted teeth were subsequently extracted for histologic analysis. Results: No significant difference was seen in odontoblast-like cell thickness after the application of CAPE and propolis on days 7 and 14 (p > 0.05). However, a significant difference was noticed on day 28 (p < 0.05), with the thickness of odontoblast-like cell in CAPE being thinner than that in propolis. A significant difference in the expression of type 1 collagen was observed on days 7, 14 and 28 after the application of the propolis extract compared with CAPE (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The post-administration of propolis extract as a pulp capping material could enhance odontoblast-like cell thickness and type 1 collagen expression in Wistar rats.
Introduction: Ca (OH)2 has long been regarded as the “gold standard” of direct pulp-capping materials, Ca(OH)2 is very saoluable in oral fluid, that make tunnel defect and unable to withstand bacterial recolonization. Propolis is a material created from resin gathered by bees (Apis mellifera) from a range of plants and combined with saliva and enzymes to form a nest. Propolis possesses anti-inflammatory properties that are superior to Ca (OH)2. Objective: The purpose of the research was carried out to integrate calcium hydroxide and propolis as pulp capping ingredients. Methods: This study used 30 samples maxillary first molars of Rattus norvegicus divided into 3 groups which were all preparated until perforation; The combination Ca (OH)2 and propolis extract group, calcium hydroxide group, and control group. The cavity was closed with Cention. Teeth section samples were taken from rats after 3 and 7 days then underwent decalcification and histological evaluation under light microscope to identify the presence of odontoblast-like cells, inflammatory cells, and dentinal bridges. Expression of MMP-1 and Collagen type 1 density evaluated with immunohistochemistry (IHC) method. Results: According to the observations, the majority of cells in the Calcium Hydroxide and Propolis extract group showed Collagen type 1 density, whereas the least number of cells showed MMP-1. Conclusion: Compared to calcium hydroxide to a combination of Ca (OH)2 and Propolis extract, MMP1 expression was lower and collagen type 1 density was higher in the rat’s pulp.
Orthostatic hypotension occurs when cardiovascular adaptive mechanisms fail to compensate the reduction in venous return that normally occurs on the upright position. A patient with orthostatic hypotension can be a challenging case for a dentist. A 78-year-old male came with idiopatic orthostatic hypotension and felt uncomfortable with his old crown restoration and discoloration on his upper teeth. Management of orthostatic hypotension can be handled by manipulating the dental chair interval movement position.
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