This first-ever study demonstrates the applicability of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) system for MR cardiac triggering of cardiovascular magnetic resonance at 3 Tesla. The unique patented system senses body movements caused by cardiac activity using a non-invasive ballistocardiography (BCG) sensor. The pilot research compares a novel FBG-based system with clinically used triggering systems based on electrocardiography (ECG) and pulse oximetry (POX). The pilot pre-clinical study was conducted on 8 subjects at a Siemens Prisma 3T MR Scanner. The study compares images from two basic cardiac sequences, TRUE FISP (Free Induction Decay Steady-State Precession) and PSIR (Phase Sensitive Inversion Recovery), using objective methods and subjective evaluation by clinical experts. The study presents original results that confirm the applicability of optical sensors in the field of cardiac triggering having a number of advantages in comparison to conventional solutions, such as no eddy current interference, ease of placement of the sensor on the patient's body, and senor reusability. The proposed FBG-based system achieves comparable results with the most frequently used and most accurate ECG-based and POX-based clinical systems. In terms of subjective evaluation by experts, the FBG system outperformed the POX-based system used in clinical practice.
This publication describes an innovative approach to voice control of operational and technical functions in a real Smart Home (SH) environment, where, for voice control within SH, it is necessary to provide robust technological systems for building automation and for technology visualization, software for recognition of individual voice commands, and a robust system for additive noise canceling. The KNX technology for building automation is used and described in the article. The LabVIEW SW tool is used for visualization, data connectivity to the speech recognizer, connection to the sound card, and the actual mathematical calculations within additive noise canceling. For the actual recognition of commands, the SW tool for recognition within the Microsoft Windows OS is used. In the article, the least mean squares algorithm (LMS) and independent component analysis (ICA) are used for additive noise canceling from the speech signal measured in a real SH environment. Within the proposed experiments, the success rate of voice command recognition for different types of additive interference (television, vacuum cleaner, washing machine, dishwasher, and fan) in the real SH environment was compared. The recognition success rate was greater than 95% for the selected experiments.
At present, one of the primary tasks of the construction industry is to build transport infrastructure. This concerns both the construction of new bypasses of towns and the repair of existing roads, which are damaged by congestion, especially by freight transport. Whether it is a new building or a reconstruction, it is always very important to choose a suitable method of subsoil treatment. One of the most commonly used methods for soil treatment is currently compaction using vibratory rollers. This method is very effective both in terms of results and due to its low financial demands compared to other methods. Vibration is transmitted to the surrounding rock environment when compacting the subsoil using vibratory rollers. Although the intensity of these vibrations is not as pronounced as in other methods of subsoil treatment, such vibrations can have a significant effect, for example during compaction in urban areas or in an area with the presence of historical objects. Therefore, it is very advisable to monitor the effect of these vibrations on the environment during construction. This paper brings an original experimental comparative study of standard seismic instrumentation with a developed interferometric sensor for the field of monitoring vibrations generated during compaction of subsoil using vibrating rollers. The paper presents time and frequency domain results, as well as attenuation curves, which represent real attenuation of vibrations in a given rock environment. The results presented here show that a system operating on a different physical principle from the one used at present has the potential to replace the existing, very expensive, seismic equipment.
This article introduces fiber Bragg grating (FBG) system for monitoring selected traffic flow parameters in urban areas. The system is able to monitor traffic density or speed of cars driving in single lane. The proposed system consists of five Bragg gratings encapsulated in Polydimethylsiloxane polymer and is characterized by easy and inexpensive installation in the milled upper layer of the road covered with an asphalt mixture. The results of first operational tests presented in this study include 3978 passing vehicles of various specifications. The system's vehicle detection success rate is 99.62%. And further, a mean absolute error 1.35 kph and a relative error 2.62% when measuring vehicle speed.
The paper examines the development of a portable sensor strip with fiber optic Bragg grating for monitoring urban traffic density up to 80 kph. It contains a 2.5-m-long and a 2-cm-high sensor created from a combination of silicone addition rubber (bicomponent addition silicone rubber) and Bragg grating placed inside a carbon tube. The design of the portable sensor permits traffic density and cars crossings to be monitored and detected in a single lane. The functionality of the sensor was verified in real traffic; the results of this study are based on the detection of 1518 vehicles of different types and sizes. According to the measurements, the sensor is characterized by a high detection rate of 98.946%.
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