We present the synthesis and photophysical and electroluminescent properties for a series of platinum(II) alpha-diimine bis(arylacetylide) complexes. The molecular structures of five derivatives have been elucidated by X-ray crystallography. Intermolecular pi-pi interactions (between aromatic diimine and phenylacetylide moieties) are apparent in the crystal lattices of two of these. All bis(phenylacetylide) derivatives exhibit intense triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) photoluminescence in the solid state and in fluid solutions at room temperature. The impact of different solvents, substituents on the diimine ligands, and complex concentrations upon their emissive behavior have been examined and demonstrates that their emission energies can be systematically modified. Application of the 3MLCT excited state of the [Pt(alpha-diimine) (C(triple bond)CPh)2] materials in single- and double-layer organic light-emitting devices are described. The bis(butadiynyl) complex [Pt(4,4'-dtbpy)(C(triple bond)C-C(triple bond)CPh)2] (dtbpy = 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine) displays strong solid-state and solution phosphorescence at 77 and 298 K; the associated excited state is proposed to arise from both acetylenic 3pi pi*(C(triple bond)C-C(triple bond)CPh) and 3MLCT [Pt --> pi*(diimine)] transitions.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 58 has been found to be prevalent among Chinese patients with cervical cancer. This study examined the oncogenic risk of HPV58 variants in Hong Kong, a southern part of China. Altogether, 1924 women were studied: 42.8% with a normal cervix, 16.2% with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I, 12.7% with CIN II, 20.8% with CIN III, and 7.6% with invasive cervical cancer (ICC). The overall prevalence of HPV58 was 11.4% (220) and increased statistically significantly with the severity of neoplasia (P(trend)<.001, chi(2) test for trend). Among HPV58-positive women, the occurrence of E7 632C-->T (T20I) and E7 760G-->A (G63S) variants (T20I/G63S) showed a positive trend of association with the severity of neoplasia (P(trend)<.001, chi(2) test for trend). HPV58 variants carrying these two substitutions showed an odds ratio (OR) for ICC of 26.79 (95% confidence interval = 10.14 to 74.72), and this OR was 6.9-fold higher than the ORs of variants without these substitutions. Patients with CIN III or ICC who were also infected with T20I/G63S variants had a statistically significant younger age at diagnosis than those infected with other variants (median age = 37 years versus 48 years; P =.038, two-sided Mann-Whitney U test). Thus, HPV58 variants carrying E7 T20I/G63S substitutions may be associated with an increased risk for cervical cancer.

The attribution of individual human papillomavirus (HPV) types to cervical neoplasia, especially intraepithelial lesions, varies ethnogeographically. Population-specific data are required for vaccine cost-effectiveness assessment and type replacement monitoring. HPV was detected from 2,790 Chinese women (444 invasive cervical cancers [ICC], 772 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN] grade 3, 805 CIN2 and 769 CIN1. The attribution of each HPV type found in multiple-type infections was approximated by the fractional contribution approach. Multiple-type infection was common and correlated inversely with lesion severity (54.7% for CIN1, 48.7% for CIN2, 46.2% for CIN3, 27.5% for ICC). Vaccine-covered high-risk types (HPV16/18) attributed to 59.5% of squamous cell carcinoma, 78.6% of adenocarcinoma, 35.9% of CIN3, 18.4% of CIN2 and 7.4% of CIN1. Distinct features compared to worldwide were a higher attribution of HPV52 and HPV58, and a much lower attribution of HPV45. Inclusion of HPV52 and HPV58 in future vaccines would provide the highest marginal increase in coverage with 11.7% for squamous cell carcinoma, 14.4% for CIN3, 22.6% for CIN2 and 17.7% for CIN1. The attribution of HPV types in southern China is different from elsewhere, which should be considered in prioritizing HPV types for vaccine and screening assay development.Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women worldwide. 1 Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is a necessary, though insufficient, cause of cervical cancer. [2][3][4][5] More than 40 different types of HPV have been detected from the female genital tract, and 15 of them (HPV16,18,31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 73 and 82) are classified as high-risk based on the epidemiological association with development of cervical cancer. [6][7][8] Two prophylactic vaccines (Cervarix TM by GlaxoSmithKline, United Kingdom; and Gardasil TM by Merck Sharp and Dohme, NJ USA) are currently available for prevention of HPV infection and the subsequent development of cervical neoplasia. Worldwide, about 70-80% of invasive cervical cancers are caused by HPV16 and HPV18, which are covered by both vaccines. 9-12 However, the distribution of non-16/18 HPV types especially among cervical intraepithelial neoplasia varies markedly by geographic region. [13][14][15][16] A population-specific assessment on the prevalence, more importantly the attribution, of each HPV type is essential for policy makers to evaluate the population benefits and cost-effectiveness of the current and next generation vaccines. Such data is also necessary for formulating an HPV-based screening strategy, especially for deciding the spectrum of HPV types to be covered. Furthermore, data acquired before the widespread administration of HPV vaccine is a crucial baseline for monitoring the effectiveness of vaccination at the population level and for detecting HPV type replacement if it ever occurs.

No abstract

A case-control study was conducted on 1986 Hong Kong women to assess the risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 variants for cervical neoplasia. In total, 255 women were HPV-16 positive and were analyzed for E6 and E7 sequence variation. Two novel substitutions at E6 (T86I and Q116E) and 1 at E7 (R66W) were found. Most HPV-16 variants were of Asian (50.6%) or European (44.3%) lineage, and both lineages showed similar risk associations for high-grade and invasive cervical neoplasia. No increased risk was observed for the subclasses European variant and European 350G, which carry a higher risk for invasive cancer in some Western populations. The E7 N29S substitution, reported to have a higher risk in Korean women, was found equally distributed among normal and various degrees of neoplasia. The epidemiology and risk implication of HPV-16 variant infection in Hong Kong differ markedly from other parts of the world.