Background: When mineral nutrients are present in excess or in inadequate amounts, their effects can be severe in plants and can be considered as abiotic stress. In this study, we report how hormonal levels in barley cultivars respond to the toxic effect of boron, an essential plant micronutrient. Materials and Methods: Two different barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivars (Vamik Hoca and Efes 98) were used as a study material. Boron was applied in three different concentrations (0, 10, 20 ppm) to plants that had grown from seeds for four weeks. Plants were harvested, stem-root length and stem-root dry-fresh weight content were determined. For further analysis, chlorophyll, total protein, endogenic IAA and ABA content analyses were carried out. Results: According to the data obtained, plant growth and development decreased with increasing boron concentrations. With increasing boron concentrations, soluble total protein increased in both cultivars. Boron application led to increased endogenic IAA content in both cultivars. 10 and 20 ppm boron application led to increased endogenic ABA content in Vamik Hoca cultivar whereas endogenic ABA content decreased in Efes 98. Absence of boron application led to increased endogenic IAA and ABA content in both cultivars. Conclusions: As a result, the response to boron is different in the two cultivars and Efes 98 may be more resistant to the toxicity than Vamik Hoca cultivar.
Abstract:This work describes the pharmacological activity of extracts of Papaver somniferum L., a poppy species. P. somniferum L. products are still considered as a unique source of drug for many diseases. The present study was designed to determine antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of P. somniferum L. extracts on HeLa (Human Cervix Carcinoma), HT29 (Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma), C6 (Rat Brain Tumor Cells), and Vero (African Green Monkey Kidney) cell lines. Alkaloid-rich extracts of P. somniferum L. exhibited antiproliferative effects on various cancer cell lines, especially at high concentrations. We assessed the ability of extracts of P. somniferum L. to give harm to the membrane of the cells. Results indicated that P. somniferum L. extracts destroy cellular membrane in tumor cell lines at high concentrations. Remarkably, the LDH test results disclosed that cytotoxicity of P. somniferum L. on cells was low at middle concentrations. This may indicate its cytostatic potential. The results of this study support the efficacy of P. somniferum L. extracts as an anticancer agent.
Papaver bracteatum Lindl., P. orientale L., and P. pseudo-orientale (Fedde) Medw., species of section Oxytona Bernh. in the genus Papaver L., are found widely in the native flora of Turkey. They are commercially important for their high alkaloid content. Because genus Papaver section Oxytona has similar morphological characters, it is not easy to distinguish these species. We used the inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular marker system to determine the molecular characterisation of this section. In this study, 20 ISSR primers have been studied in 180 accessions collected from 5 different regions of Turkey. A total of 82 bands were obtained, of which 80 were polymorphic. Average genetic distance was found to be 0.35, the Shannon index was 0.50, and the polymorphism rate was 96.97%. The primer AT10 had the smallest number of bands, which was 3, while the primers AT19 and AT3 had the greatest number of bands, which was 5. In conclusion, the ISSR marker system can be used for the classification of section Oxytona.
Anatolia has been an important gene center for the planting and improving of old garden roses until sixteenth century. The interest in old garden roses in Anatolia shifted to new modern roses raised in Europe after sixteenth century. Old garden roses have been able to survive in remote gardens of Anatolia such as Van gardens. In this study, the population status, flower characteristics and usage methods of old garden roses, which were planted in Van gardens and had a rich garden culture tradition since Urartu, have been investigated. As a result of this study which was carried out between 2004 and 2005, ten species, one being new, have been determined in gardens in and around Van. In terms of availability, four of these species were determined as being rare, four infrequent and two widespread in the area. The urban texture of Van has experienced a fast improvement in the last two decades as a result of modernism, and the old rose gardens, which were part of the local culture and genetic wealth, have been replaced by the big blocks of houses.
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