The significant and positive correlation between vitamin D levels and VAS scores and the significant reduction in serum vitamin D levels of the dysmenorrhea patients designate the possible role of vitamin D deficiency in the primary dysmenorrhea.

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 16 (3), 923-926 IntroductionThe term preinvasive disease of the cervix (PCD) was first defined in 1947 (Pund, 1947). Despite the fact that epithelial changes give the appearance of invasive cancer on the cervix, lesions confined to the epithelium are to be noted in PCD. After PCD is defined, some studies have shown that if these lesions did not treat cervical dysplasia, it progresses to cervical cancer (Koss et al., 1963). Therefore, when the preinvasive lesions could be diagnosed before the stage of the invasive cervical cancer, this early detection allows easy treatment (Richart & Sciarra, 1968).Cervical cancer (CC) is still one of the most frequent malignancies in women worldwide (Siegel, Naishadham & Jemal, 2013). In CC, like the other cancers, the host response to malignant tumors comprises not only changes in the microenvironment, but also systemic alterations (Tavares-Murta et al., 2010). One of the important systemic alterations is inflammation. Inflammation is a nonspecific feature of cancer and plays an important role in various aspects of cancer involving cancer initiation, promotion, progression, metastasis and clinical features (Babu et al., 2012). Therefore, inflammatory markers were studied in various cancer types as indicators of invasion (Acmaz et al., 2014).The platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is an inflammatory marker and has been studied in uterine cancer and uterine cancer precursor lesions (Acmaz et al., 2014). The aim of

It is well-known that plasma L-carnitine concentrations are significantly decreased in obese individuals. A study showed that L-carnitine concentrations are significantly lower in lean PCOS patients than in lean healthy women. Thus, it has been suggested that lowered L-carnitine is associated with PCOS. This study also showed that the women with PCOS had significantly lower L-carnitine levels than those of the healthy controls. In addition, this study hypothesised that low L-carnitine levels in PCOS patients were associated with obesity and/or insulin resistance. Moreover, plasma L-carnitine concentrations were found to be statistically similar in PCOS patients and healthy controls, when controlled for obesity. This study implied that L-carnitine could be used as an adjunctive therapy in the management of insulin resistance or obesity in women who have PCOS. Further research might be planned to clarify the clinical effects of L-carnitine administration in PCOS patients with insulin resistance and/or obesity.

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Background: Various thrombocyte markers and white blood cell levels and their subtypes have recently been investigated in association with inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of mean platelet volume (MPV) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with disease activation and clinical para?meters in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Methods: 84 RA patients and 60 healthy controls were included. Platelet, MPV, white cell, neutrophil and lymphocyte levels in full blood counts were investigated, and NLR was calculated. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP), disease activation score (DAS 28) and a health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) were used in the evaluation of RA. Results: In the present study a total of 144 patients was enrolled, 84 with RA and 60 healthy individuals. 75.2% (n=108) were women and 24.8% (n=36) were men. The patients with RA had lower MPV than control individuals (MPV; 8.52?1.15 fL and 8.92?0.87 fL, respectively) and CRP (r:?0.234, p=0.005). RA patients? mean NLR was significantly higher than that of the control group (2.74?1.74 and 1.80?0.78, respectively; p<0.001). Furthermore, anti-CCP positive patients had higher NLR than anti-CCP negative patients (NLR; 2.51?1.92 and 1.95?1.22, p=0.019 respectively). NLR was positively correlated with ESR (r=0.190, p=0.023), CRP (r=0.230, p=0.035) and anti-CCP (r=0.300, p=0.005). Conclusion: In conclusion, MPV and NLR together with acute phase reactants can be a useful index for showing inflammation in RA patients.