Plasma<scp>L</scp>-carnitine levels of obese and non-obese polycystic ovary syndrome patients

Çelik, Fatih; Köse, Mesut; Yılmazer, Mehmet; Köken, Gülengül; Ariöz, Dağıstan Tolga; Pektaş, Mine Kanat

doi:10.1080/01443615.2016.1264375

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, this elevation is not observed when weight loss is achieved with calorie restriction plus exercise (92). Plasma total L-carnitine level is lower in lean and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome, a condition frequently associated with insulin resistance, compared to healthy controls (93,94).…”

Section: L-carnitine and Glucose Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of l‐carnitine for human health

Adeva‐Andany¹,

Calvo‐Castro²,

et al. 2017

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Carnitine acyltransferases catalyze the reversible transfer of acyl groups from acyl-coenzyme A esters to l-carnitine, forming acyl-carnitine esters that may be transported across cell membranes. l-Carnitine is a wáter-soluble compound that humans may obtain both by food ingestion and endogenous synthesis from trimethyl-lysine. Most l-carnitine is intracellular, being present predominantly in liver, skeletal muscle, heart and kidney. The organic cation transporter-2 facilitates l-carnitine uptake inside cells. Congenital dysfunction of this transporter causes primary l-carnitine deficiency. Carnitine acetyltransferase is involved in the export of excess acetyl groups from the mitochondria and in acetylation reactions that regulate gene transcription and enzyme activity. Carnitine octanoyltransferase is a peroxysomal enzyme required for the complete oxidation of very long-chain fatty acids and phytanic acid, a branched-chain fatty acid. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 is a transmembrane protein located on the outer mitochondrial membrane where it catalyzes the conversion of acyl-coenzyme A esters to acyl-carnitine esters. Carnitine acyl-carnitine translocase transports acyl-carnitine esters across the inner mitochondrial membrane in exchange for free l-carnitine that exits the mitochondrial matrix. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase-2 is anchored on the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it converts acyl-carnitine esters back to acyl-coenzyme A esters, which may be used in metabolic pathways, such as mitochondrial β-oxidation. l-Carnitine enhances nonoxidative glucose disposal under euglycemic hyperinsulinemic conditions in both healthy individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes, suggesting that l-carnitine strengthens insulin effect on glycogen storage. The plasma level of acyl-carnitine esters, primarily acetyl-carnitine, increases during diabetic ketoacidosis, fasting, and physical activity, particularly high-intensity exercise. Plasma concentration of free l-carnitine decreases simultaneously under these conditions. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(8):578-594, 2017.

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Section: L-carnitine and Glucose Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of l‐carnitine for human health

Adeva‐Andany¹,

Calvo‐Castro²,

et al. 2017

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“…Even though no previous study has evaluated TMAO and all its precursors in PCOS, limited data are available on one precursor carnitine suggesting either decreased 23,24 or similar 20 levels in the syndrome compared to healthy women with a wide range of absolute concentrations. On the contrary, we report here higher carnitine levels in PCOS women but the absolute concentrations in both patient and control groups of our study are much lower than those previously reported.…”

Section: Short-term Oc Therapy Combined With Lifestyle Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These alterations might contribute to increased cardiometabolic risk of PCOS in addition to other proposed mechanisms including hyperandrogenism, anovulation, obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and subclinical inflammation 1. Accordingly, these preliminary correlation results and their potential implication on cardiometabolic risk in women with PCOS need further exploration.Even though no previous study has evaluated TMAO and all its precursors in PCOS, limited data are available on one precursor carnitine suggesting either decreased23,24 or similar 20 levels in the syndrome compared to healthy women with a wide range of absolute concentrations. On the other hand, TMAO precursor choline showed positive correlation with body fat mass and carnitine showed positive correlations with body fat mass, insulin resistance and triglycerides.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine N‐oxide and oral contraceptive use in polycystic ovary syndrome

Eyüpoğlu

Guzelce

Açıkgöz

et al. 2019

Clinical Endocrinology

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Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with an increased cardiometabolic risk that might not necessarily translate into adverse cardiovascular outcome later in life. Recently, alterations in gut microbial composition have been reported in the syndrome. Microbiota-dependent metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors are closely linked with development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, independently of traditional risk factors. We aimed to assess whether TMAO and its precursors are altered in PCOS and to determine potential impact of treatment on these metabolites. Design: Prospective study.Patients: Twenty-seven overweight/obese patients with PCOS and 25 age-and BMImatched healthy control women.Measurements: At baseline, fasting serum TMAO and its precursors were measured after a 3-day standardized diet. Patients received 3-month OC therapy along with general dietary advice after which all measurements were repeated. Results: Patients had higher total testosterone (T) and free androgen index (FAI)whereas whole-body fat mass, fasting plasma glucose, insulin and lipids were similar between the groups. PCOS group showed significantly higher serum levels of TMAO and its precursors; choline, betaine and carnitine. TMAO and choline showed correlations with T. After 3 months of OC use, TMAO and its precursors significantly decreased along with reductions in BMI, T and FAI. Conclusions:This study reports for the first time that TMAO and its precursors are elevated in PCOS which might contribute to increased cardiometabolic risk of the syndrome and that short-term OC use along with lifestyle intervention is associated with reduction of these microbiome-dependent metabolites. K E Y W O R D Scardiometabolic risk, microbiome, oral contraceptives, polycystic ovary syndrome, trimethylamine N-oxide | 811 EYUPOGLU Et aL.

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“…Methods that are commonly known to help in ovulation induction in women with PCOS include; weight reduction, lifestyle changes, clomiphene citrate, metformin, gonadotropins, laparoscopic ovarian surgery and In vitro fertilization (IVF) [16] . A study by Celik et al showed that the women with PCOS had a significantly lower L-carnitine levels than those of the healthy controls [9] . Another study reported that L-Carnitine has a significant role in weight loss, glucose tolerance, insulin function and fatty acid metabolism [8] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…L-Carnitine has a significant role in weight loss, glucose tolerance, insulin function and fatty acid metabolism [8] . A study by Celik et al, in 2017 showed that the women with PCOS had significantly lower L-carnitine levels than those of the healthy controls [9] . Another study by Ismail et al, depicted that combined L-carnitine and clomiphene citrate resulted in significant improvement in both ovulation and cumulative pregnancy rates in women with clomiphene-resistant PCOS [10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

L-Carnitine and Clomiphene Citrate for induction of ovulation in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome : Randomized controlled trial

Kortam¹,

Abdelrahman

Fateen

2020

Evidence Based Women's Health Journal

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Aim:The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of adding L-carnitine to clomiphene citrate for increasing the ovulation and the pregnancy rate in women with PCOS. The primary outcome was the ovulation rate and the secondary outcome was the pregnancy rate. Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial that was conducted on 94 women who attended at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Infertility Clinic at Ain-Shams University Maternity Hospital, and they were diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam Criteria (11). The women were distributed randomly into two equal groups; Group L (n=47) received 100 mg of clomiphene citrate plus 3 gm of L-carnitine orally from day 3 to day 7 of the cycle with continuation of L-carnitine till the day of pregnancy test and Group C (n=47) received 100 mg of clomiphene citrate orally from day 3 to day 7 of the cycle. Results: There was a significant difference (P<0.05) between the two groups regarding the ovulation rate (Group L: 70.2%; Group C: 44.7%). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the two groups regarding the pregnancy rate (Group L: 8.5%; Group C: 6.4%). There was a highly significant difference (P<0.01) between the two groups as regards to the number of mature follicles (Group L: 1.6 ± 1.2; Group C: 0.8 ± 0.7), the days needed till hCG injection (Group L: 12.2 ± 1.5; Group C: 14.0 ± 1.8), the Endometrial thickness (Group L: 10.4 ± 1.2 mm; Group C: 9.1 ± 0.8 mm). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the two groups regarding the level of progesterone after 8 days from the hCG injection. Conclusion: L-carnitine added to clomiphene citrate for induction of ovulation in PCOS women had a significant effect on the ovulation rate, but it didn't have a significant effect on the pregnancy rate when compared to clomiphene citrate alone.

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PlasmaL-carnitine levels of obese and non-obese polycystic ovary syndrome patients

Cited by 29 publications

References 20 publications

Significance of l‐carnitine for human health

Significance of l‐carnitine for human health

Circulating gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine N‐oxide and oral contraceptive use in polycystic ovary syndrome

L-Carnitine and Clomiphene Citrate for induction of ovulation in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome : Randomized controlled trial

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