This study was carried out to determine the effects of dried grape pomace supplementation in a corn-soy-based diet on performance, egg quality, plasma and egg lipid peroxidation, and some biochemical parameters of laying hens. In this study, 96 moulted 80-week-old Bovans laying hens were distributed into three groups with eight replicates. The hens were fed a supplemented diet with 0% (control group), 4% and 6% grape pomace (experimental groups) for 12 weeks. In the study, the effects of grape pomace supplementation in a corn-soy-based diet on performance, internal and external egg quality, serum total cholesterol, total protein, glucose and triglyceride levels, and plasma and egg yolk malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined. The addition of grape pomace to laying hen diet did not significantly affect live weight, feed intake, egg production and feed efficiency (P > 0.05). In all treatment groups, supplementation did not significantly affect albumen index, Haugh unit, egg yolk index, yolk colour, eggshell ratio, eggshell thickness, egg-specific gravity, total cholesterol, total protein and triglyceride compared to the control group (P > 0.05). In the study, 4% grape pomace supplementation to diet significantly increased egg weight (P < 0.001), and both 4% and 6% grape pomace supplementation levels significantly increased liver weight (P < 0.05) and liver weight ratio (P < 0.01). Grape pomace addition to laying hens diet significantly decreased plasma MDA and serum glucose levels (P < 0.001). Also, grape pomace addition significantly decreased egg yolk MDA levels on day 1 (incubation on 0 minute; P < 0.001), and day 15 [incubation on 0, 30, 60 and 90 (P < 0.05) minutes]. The results of this study concluded that performance, egg quality and serum total cholesterol, total protein and triglyceride levels were not negatively affected. Plasma and egg yolk MDA, and serum glucose levels were reduced by 4% and 6% supplementation to laying hen diets. It was concluded that grape pomace supplementation has the potential to extend shelf life.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of green tea (Camellia sinensis) catechins in quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Quail were fed with a basal diet, and the treatment groups were fed on the basal diet with 1.25 or 2.50 g/kg catechin supplementation for 30 d. Fattening performance and meat quality of the quail were estimated. Serum total antioxidant status (TAS), plasma and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and some serum biochemical parameters were measured. The results showed that catechin supplementation did not affect live weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass weight, carcass dressing or the nutrient composition of breast and thigh meats. The water holding capacity (WHC) of breast meat was increased in the 2.50 g/kg catechin treatment. Catechin supplementation increased the serum TAS, but decreased plasma MDA and liver MDA concentration as well as serum glucose and total cholesterol levels. Serum triglyceride and total protein levels were not affected by catechin supplementation. In conclusion, catechins have effective antioxidant hypoglycaemic and hypocholesterolaemic properties, as well as having the potential to increase meat quality in fattening quail. On the other hand, catechin supplementation did not have any negative effect on the fattening performance, meat nutrient composition and fattening costs in fattening quail.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of green tea (Camellia sinensis) catechin addition to breeder quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) diet on productivity, reproductive performance, egg quality and yolk malondialdehyde (MDA) levels during storage, and some serum biochemical parameters. In this study, a total number of 180 quail, 7 weeks of age were randomly divided into 3 groups (1 control group and 2 treatment groups) with 5 replicates (9 females + 3 males). The control group was fed basal diet; the treatment groups were fed basal diet with 0.2% and 0.4% catechin supplementation for 5 weeks. The results of this study showed that 0.2% and 0.4% catechin addition had no significant effects on live weight, feed intake, egg production, feed efficiency, and egg internal quality (yolk colour, albumen index, yolk index, Haugh units, and pH) (P > .05). Catechin addition reduced egg weight, egg specific gravity, and egg shell thickness (P < .001). The catechin addition to diet significantly diminished MDA concentrations of eggs (P < .05). Serum glucose and triglyceride levels significantly decreased (P < .05) in the 0.4% catechin group, but were not significantly affected (P > .05) in the 0.2% catechin group compared to the control group. The addition of 0.2% catechin significantly increased fertility (P < .05), hatchability (P < .01), and the hatchability of fertile eggs (P < .05). In conclusion, catechin supplementation to breeder quail diet has the potential to increase egg shelf-life and reproductive performance. On the other hand, supplementation with these catechin levels decreased egg weight and egg shell quality. ARTICLE HISTORY

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementary thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oil (TEO) and A, C, and E vitamins on performance, egg quality and some biochemical parameters of laying hens under heat stress (HS). A total of 120 White Leghorn laying hens were randomly distributed into 5 experimental groups with 6 replicates and each replicate had 4 laying hens. The HS group was housed at 34°C between 08:00 am and 05:00 pm and the rest of the day at 22°C. The experimental groups were; 1: HS group; 2: HS + TEO (300 mg/kg TEO in diet), 3: HS + TEO + Vit-C (300 mg/kg TEO + 250 mg/kg vitamin C in diet), 4: HS + TEO + Vit-E (300 mg/kg TEO + 250 mg/kg vitamin E in diet), and 5: HS + TEO + Vit-A (300 mg/kg TEO + 15,000 IU/kg vit-A in diet). In the study, body weight, egg weight, feed intake and egg quality of the hens were not affected with treatment groups. Serum glucose level was decreased in the TEO group, plasma MDA was decreased in the TEO and TEO + Vit-C groups and 8-OHdG was decreased in the TEO + Vit-E. It was concluded that it would be more beneficial to use TEO against HS in laying hens with Vit-E and Vit-C instead of using it alone.

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In this study, we evaluated the effect of boron (B) as boric acid (BA) on body weight (b.w.); blood glucose; plasma insulin; lipase and paraoxonase (PON1) activities; and serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, lipid peroxidation (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced experimental diabetes in rats. Sixty Wistar albino rats (200-250 g) were divided into six groups of ten. The groups received the following treatment: group 1, control group; group 2, 50 mg/kg (b.w.) i.p. STZ-induced diabetes; group 3, 5 mg/kg (b.w.) B; group 4, 10 mg/kg (b.w.) B; group 5, diabetes + 5 mg/kg (b.w.) B; and group 6, diabetes + 10 mg/kg (b.w.) B. The experiment lasted 4 weeks. Increased serum MDA levels with diabetes were significantly reduced and although it is not statistically significant, serum TAC levels approached to values of control group; also, insignificant increases were observed in HDL cholesterol levels in experimental diabetic rats with treatment 5 and 10 mg/kg B. Furthermore, body weight, plasma insulin, and lipase activities increased insignificantly, blood glucose and serum LDL cholesterol decreased significantly, and total cholesterol levels decreased insignificantly in the diabetes + 10 mg/kg B group. There was no difference between the groups in terms of plasma PON1 activities and serum triglyceride levels. In conclusion, B may have beneficial effects on some biochemical parameters changes in experimental diabetes, and in order to determine the full effect of this element on the metabolism, further studies are required which use various dosages and compounds of B.

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of thymoquinone against the negative effects of varicocele on testicular tissue and sperm morphology. Five groups were formed by random selection from a total of 40 adult male Wistar rats (n = 8). Thymoquinone (5 mg/kg/day) was administered intraperitoneally to the varicocele‐dimethyl sulfoxide‐olive oil‐thymoquinone (VT) group and the sham‐thymoquinone group. At the end of the 60th day, all groups were anaesthetised and the left testis was removed from the body quickly. One half of the testis tissue, which was divided into two, was separated for biochemical and Western blot analysis, while the other half were fixed in Bouin's fixative. As a result of biochemical, molecular and histopathological analyses, a statistically significant increase was found in the varicocele group testicular tissues in the malondialdehyde level, apoptotic index, Bax expression, cytochrome c expression and Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio compared with the sham group. In addition, histopathological changes characterised by partial or complete degeneration of the germinal epithelium were observed in the seminiferous tubules in the same group. Total oxidant status level and sperm count with abnormal morphology increased in varicocele group, whereas total antioxidant status level decreased. In the VT group, all of the biochemical, molecular and histopathological changes detected in the varicocele group were statistically significantly reduced. When the findings obtained in this study are evaluated, it can be said that thymoquinone has the potential to be used as a preventive and therapeutic pharmacological agent in the medical treatment of varicocele. Although the exact mechanism of action of thymoquinone has not been fully elucidated, the findings obtained in this study support the view that thymoquinone showed a cytoprotective effect by reducing apoptosis, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.

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