The research objective was to study the agronomic and physiological characteristics of red chilli (Capsicum annuumL.) varieties under waterlogging stress. These studies were conducted at two locations: in Palembang, South Sumatra, from February to August 2010 and in Bogor in West Java, from September to November 2010. Experiments in Palembang was using split plot design with three replications. The main plot was waterlogging treatment for 1, 2, 3 and 4 days. The subplot was red chilli varieties: Kiyo F1, Riawan, Ferosa, Bravo F1 and Laris. Experiments in Bogor was conducted without the use of experimental design; the same plant varieties were waterlogged for 2 and 4 days. The results showed that waterlogging caused root damages on all varieties. Kiyo F1 had better agronomic characters and high levels of tolerance than other varieties. The content of ethylene in all varieties increased with increasing time of waterlogging, except for Laris. In all varieties both leaf chlorophyll and tissue N content tend to decline with the increase in waterlogging duration. However Bravo F1 experienced an increase in the chlorophyll content whereas Kiyo F1 had an increase in N in the plant tissue. Keywords: agronomic character, physiological character, red chili, waterlogging

Leaf is a sensitive plant organ in responding to abiotic stresses, especially drought stress. Objective of this research was to evaluate changes of relative leaf expansion rate (RLER) and other leaf-related indicators as affected by gradual drought stress. The stress was induced by withholding water supply to chili pepper (Capsicum annum L.) for up to 12 days. Afterward, the crops were allowed to recover. The research was conducted in two stages. The first stage was for finding a reliable leaf area (LA) estimation model. The second stage was for evaluating relevance of RLER, specific leaf fresh weight (SLFW), specific leaf water content (SLWC), and total leaf area (TLA) as indicators for drought stress in chili pepper. Combinations of five regression models (linear, zero-intercept linear, quadratic, zero-intercept quadratic, and power) and three predictors, i.e. leaf length (L), leaf width (W), and LW were evaluated as candidates of LA estimation model. Selection of the models was based on coefficient of determination (R 2 ) and geometrical principles. The selected model was used for calculating RLER, SLFW, SLWC and TLA. Results of this study indicated that dynamic changes of RLER were mainly driven by daily day-night cycle rather than long-term gradual drought stress. SLFW and SLWC did not significantly decrease during drought stress period. However, drought stress significantly inhibited TLA in chili pepper. Chili pepper was able to recover from short-term (4 days) exposure to drought stress; yet, this crop was unable to recover after 8 days exposure to drought stress or longer.

Drought condition during the dry season is a major constraint for intensifying agricultural activities at riparian wetlands in Indonesia, particularly for annual vegetables, including common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Besides inhibiting growth and reducing yield, drought also causes alteration of the shoot and root growth and development. The objective of this study was to evaluate responses of common bean to three durations of drought stress and the bean ability to recover after termination of the stress treatments. Gradual drought stress treatments were imposed by withholding all water sources to the treated plants. Three durations of drought stress imposed were 4, 8, and 12 days. The ability of the stress-treated plants to recover was evaluated at 7 days after termination of each treatment. The result of this study revealed that common bean was able to tolerate and recover from gradual water deficit for up to 8 days; however, prolonged water deficit for 12 days inhibited the growth of above-ground organs in common bean. Despite root regrowth during the recovery period, plants previously treated with 12 days of drought were unable to recover but those treated with shorter drought stress period were able to recover.

Submergence stress due to unpredictable soil flooding is one of the main constraints encountered in rainfed growing areas, especially in Southern Sumatran riparian swamps. The development of submergence-stress-tolerant cultivars through the introgression of Sub1 via marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) is an ideal solution. This study was carried out during 2020 at Sriwijaya University, Palembang, Indonesia, with the aim to select Sub1-introgressed lines in BC3F1 generations on the basis of MABC and to screen out the SSR markers that were unlinked to the target gene for application in subsequent background selection studies. Results revealed that almost all the backcrossed progenies segregated from the rice parental cultivars ‘FR13A’ and ‘Pegagan’. The backcrossed lines showed significantly improved submergence stress tolerance and recovery rates compared with their parents. Sub1 introgression into the BC3F1 generation was confirmed by the tightly linked Sub1 marker SUB1C173, and marker RM23915 was used for recombinant selection. These markers followed the expected marker segregation ratio in accordance with the Mendelian single gene model. In the parental polymorphism survey, 84 out of 237 SSR markers that were unlinked to the target loci were found to be available for background study. Twenty-seven backcrossed lines were selected on the basis of foreground selection. Seven plants were selected on the basis of the recombinant marker RM23915. Five backcrossed lines were further selected on the basis of submergence stress tolerance and agronomic performance.

Safriyaniet al, 2018. Correlation of Growth and Product Components on Integrated farming Padi-Azolla. JLSO 7(1):In order to increase the growth and production of rice plants that support sustainable agriculture can be done with the azolla application. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation of the components of growth and yield on rice-azolla production. The research was conducted on Karang Ketuan Subdistrict South Lubuklinggau II Subdistrict Lubuklinggau City from January to April 2018. This study used a randomized block consisting of K1=250 kg urea ha-1 without azolla, K2=250 kg urea ha-1+azolla 1000 kg ha-1, K3=187.5 kg urea ha-1+azolla 1000 kg ha-1, K4=125 kg urea ha-1+azolla 1000 kg ha-1, K5=62.5 kg urea ha-1+azolla1000 kg ha-1, K6=without Urea+azolla1000 kg ha-1. Data analysis used correlation and path analysis. The results showed that plant height and number of pithy grains correlated on grain weight with higher values than other growth components. Dry weight of straw and harvest index had a direct and positive effect on grain weight with cross coefficients value namely 1.086 and 0.755 representatives. Plant height and number of pithy grains could be used as an indicator of crop production.

Water fluctuation and poor water management at swamp area caused rice plant is susceptible to flooding and submergence stress during plant growth and development. Rice plant which is submerged for long period caused plant wilt and die. Marker Assisted Backcrossing (MABc) is one of the rapid solution for introgression the submerged tolerant gene (sub-1) from donor parents to the local swamp rice varieties. It is expected that new swamp rice genotype will be able to adapt to stress submerged. The purpose of this researches were to select the heterozygous progenies from BC 2 F 1 generation based on backcrossing of 4 local parents of South Sumatera swamp rice genotypes i.e Siam, Pegagan, Pelita Rampak, and Payak Selimbuk with the donor of submergence tolerant gene (sub-1) of FR13A. Molecular analysis was studied by using foreground selection on sub-1 gene as a gene target or QTL, using 2 flanking markers based on microsatellite or Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) of RM 23805 and RM 23915. The results of molecular analysis indicated that there were 37 number of progenies from total population of BC 2 F 1 generations. They were 8 numbers of BC 2 F 1 Siam from 24 progenies, 9 numbers of BC 2 F 1 Pegagan from 27 progenies, 10 numbers of BC 2 F 1 Pelita Rampak from 39 progenies, and 10 numbers of BC 2 F 1 Payak Selimbuk from 31 progenies which were identified as having sub-1 gene. 

Tidal swamplands are considered the national food security platform in Indonesia. Residues from the excessive chemical input used in the rice production affecting the environment, farmers’ health, and the safety of the product. Similarly, one can expect that excessive chemical use in tidal swamplands can also threaten rice production system sustainability. This study aimed to assess and identify factors influencing the sustainability of rice farming practices in tidal swamplands of South Sumatra, Indonesia. A survey was carried out to obtain information through direct interviews with 150 farmers in Muara Telang, South Sumatra, Indonesia. The Indonesia rice check was employed as indicators to assess the sustainability of rice farming practices in tidal swamplands. A percentage index was to categorize the sustainability status. A regression analysis with the Tobit model was applied to identify factors influencing the sustainability of rice farming practices. The result showed that the average sustainability index was 25.53%. It indicated rice farming practices in tidal swamplands tend to be unsustainable. The significant factors influencing the sustainability of rice farming practices were farmer’s education and household size. A policy recommendation is proposed to enhance the implementation of sustainable agriculture practices by the rice farmers in tidal swamplands.

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