Summer squash, Cucurbita pepo L. is the edible immature fruits belonging to the important family cucurbitaceae. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to evaluate six hybrid performances of summer squash over the mid parent for vegetative growth and yield components. The hybrids were extracted from the seeds of two varieties subjected to ultraviolet radiation. Irradiated and non irradiated plants were hybridized via a half diallel crosses technique.The better hybrid performance in leaf area per plant was achieved by the hybrid extracted from hybridization between P 1 × M 1 ~P1 followed by P 2 × M 1 ~P1 . Meanwhile, superiority hybrid performance in the number of days needed to first female flower appeared was shown by the hybrid extracted from P 2 × M 1 ~P1 with a value 0.87 followed by the selfing hybrid P 2 × M 1 ~P2 with a value 0.95. Therefore, the best hybrid performance in the early maturity was achieved by the hybrid extracted from hybridization between P 2 × M 1 ~P1 followed by P 1 × M 1 ~P2 and P 2 × M 1 ~P2 . The hybrid P 1 × M 1 ~P2 revealed better performance in the gene expression of chlorophyll a in leaves followed by P 1 × P 2 . In addition, the hybrid P 2 × M 1 ~P2 was superior performance in the gene expression of chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in leaves and fruits. The hybrid P 1 × M 1 ~P2 expressed superiority performance in the quality of fruits as fruit diameter, fruit volume and fruit shape index. All hybrids obtained from these study exhibited positive performance in yield components.
Inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) or microsatellite markers were applied to assess genetic diversity induced in Allium cepa L. by drainage water and genetic relationship among five water resources which reflected water quality. Genomic DNA was extracted from fresh onion roots treated with drainage water from five resources. Six ISSR primers were initially used for screening water quality. Polymorphisms became evident through the presence and / or absence of DNA fragments in treated roots compared with the control treated with Nile River water. There was a distinct distance between the band profiles of treated roots and the control samples. When the cluster analysis was applied. The total number of bands generated by ISSR-3 molecular marker quality. This marker can be considered as a best reproducible primer to be used for screening water quality. This marker disappeared some bands depending on drainage water carrying toxicants. Similarity coefficients between different water resources was ranged from 0.76 to 0.98. The highest similarity coefficient was obtained between the drainage water from chemical fertilizer industry and oils and soap effluents. The lowest similarity was shown Nile River water and oils and soap industrial effluents. Number of polymorphic bands detected through six primers ranged from 3 to 10, whereas the unique fragments were ranged from 0 to 3. Finally , comparison between Nile River water treatment and treated genomes with drainage water shows that ISSR analysis can be used to evaluate the modifications induced in DNA structure in living organisms by drainage water carrying environmental pollution.
This study aimed to test the effect of Rhizobium recombinants on the vegetative growth and yield components of faba bean under biotic stress of Rhizoctonia solani. Tweleve transconjugants resulted from six crosses were evaluated for their antigonism against Rhizoctonia solani. The results showed variations in chitin hydrolysis after genome shortening. At the molecular level, the recipient strains of rhizobia showed more similarity with each other. However, the donar strains of Serratia and pseudomonas showed less similarity. Meanwhile , Rhizobium transconjugants genomes have a similar distribution of bands. Both transconjugants Tr 4 and Tr15 showed more genome size than the other ones due to high level of plasmid transfer. The same transconjugants recorded higher values of chitin hydrolysis zone due to higher expression of chitinase genes. Most transconjugants showed significant increase in nodulation above the uninoculated plants grown in the infected soil. Rhizobium inoculants improved the yield , chlorophyll concentration and NPK content of the plants grown in the soil infected with Rhizoctonia solani compared with uninoculated plants. The results indicated that Rhizobium inoculants improved the growth and yield of plants grown under biotic stress condition. In addition, improved rhizobia with chitinolytic enzymes producing genes could inhibit significantly the growth of pathogenic fungi.
In this study five parental strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and 15 genotypic hybrids resulted from the conjugation between the parental strains harbouring the opposite genetic markers were used to assess the relationships between the parameters under investigation. However, correlation coefficient indicates the direction of relationship between two variables. The results showed that at 0.02 g sugar cane juice wastes, the hybrids resulted from the mating between p1 x p4 showed positive correlation between consumed sugars and pH, as well as, between ethanol production and pH of the fermentation medium. These results clearly demonstrated that if consumed sugars increased the pH medium was also increased as a consequence of ethanol production increased. Meanwhile, the hybrids resulted from the mating between p2 x p5 showed the same trend between the same parameters. At 0.04 g concentration of dissolved solids, the hybrids resulted from the cross between p2 x p5 showed negative correlation between consumed sugars and pH, as well as, positive correlation between ethanol production and pH. This indicated that these hybrids consumed lower concentration of sugars to be converted into higher values of ethanol which increased pH value. At 0.06 of dissolved solids, the hybrids resulted from the crosses between p2 x p5 showed the above trend of negative correlation between consumed sugars and pH, as well as, positive correlation between ethanol production and pH .
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