The aim of the study was to determine plant needs with regard to sulphur fertilization based on the assessments of sulphur in the soil profile carried out in the early spring. The study was founded on the continuous fertilization experiment established in 1985 at the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, which is located in Skierniewice. Soil samples were collected in the years 2009-2011 in the early spring (February/March) at low soil temperatures. The samples were taken at three soil depths: 0-30, 30-60, 60-90 cm. The content of sulfate sulphur was assessed in fresh soil samples after extraction in 0.01 mol/L CaCl 2. The plants cultivated during the study were spring barley and yellow lupine. The amount of sulphur in soil profile was too small and not sufficient to fulfill yellow lupine nutritional needs, thus could be a limiting factor for successful yield production. Regardless the fertilizer treatment, the amount of sulfate sulphur found in 0-60 cm soil layer fully covered nutritional needs of spring barley.

In this study five parental strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and 15 genotypic hybrids resulted from the conjugation between the parental strains harbouring the opposite genetic markers were used to assess the relationships between the parameters under investigation. However, correlation coefficient indicates the direction of relationship between two variables. The results showed that at 0.02 g sugar cane juice wastes, the hybrids resulted from the mating between p1 x p4 showed positive correlation between consumed sugars and pH, as well as, between ethanol production and pH of the fermentation medium. These results clearly demonstrated that if consumed sugars increased the pH medium was also increased as a consequence of ethanol production increased. Meanwhile, the hybrids resulted from the mating between p2 x p5 showed the same trend between the same parameters. At 0.04 g concentration of dissolved solids, the hybrids resulted from the cross between p2 x p5 showed negative correlation between consumed sugars and pH, as well as, positive correlation between ethanol production and pH. This indicated that these hybrids consumed lower concentration of sugars to be converted into higher values of ethanol which increased pH value. At 0.06 of dissolved solids, the hybrids resulted from the crosses between p2 x p5 showed the above trend of negative correlation between consumed sugars and pH, as well as, positive correlation between ethanol production and pH .

This research was carried out in the nursery of the University of Baghdad- Al-Jadireya during the growing seasons of 2015 and 2016 t0 investigate the effects of two organic fertilizers; root stimulator(Essential plus 1-0-1) and Acadian extraction seaweed as well as NPK on the vegetative growth  traits and some nutrient elements content in the leaves of grape transplants cv. Summer Royal. A factorial experiment was carried out according to the randomized complete block design(RCBD) with three replications. The experiment included 12 treatments, the first factor (organic nutrient) included adding the root stimulator to the soil at 4 ml.L-1 (A1), spraying the substance of the seaweed at 1 gm.L-1 (A2), and  the interaction (A3), control (A0), and the second factor was spraying with mineral fertilizer TOTAL GRO (NPK) with three concentrations 0, 1.5, 3 g.L-1 marked as B0, B1, B2. The organic nutrient  A3 significantly increased the leaf area chlorophyll, nitrogen phosphorus and potassium in the leaves as (32.76, 29.73%), (82.40,76.56%) (30.35, 23.59%), (56.17, 35.34%) and (26.73, 46.17%) for the two season respectily. B2 and B1 treatment were significantly influenced all the measured characteristics as compared to the control treatment, B2 treatment gave the maximum results in increasing the leaf area (48.75 ,50.91%)، leaves chlorophyll content (43.04 ,68.72%) nitrogen (17.22,11.48%)، phosphorus (26.7, 30.17%) and  potassium (19.80 ,23.59%) for the two seasons,The maximum values were reached with significant changes in the all measured characteristics as compared to the control treatment at the interaction of the organic nutrient with the mineral fertilization especially A3B2 for the two seasons.We can conclude we can conclude that organic nutrition has positively affected the vegetative growth traits and leaves content of nutrients of Grape transplants cv. Summer Royal.

This study aimed to investigate metabolic changed related to glucoserepression by the analysis of ethanol productivity which is mainly affected by the glucose effect. Five parental isolates and 15 genotypes derived from three crosses were used in this study to be evaluated for heterosis of ethanol productivity. Bioethanol produced can contribute to a cleaner environment using a cheap substrates such as sugarcane juice subproducts used in this study. Mating between yeast isolates gave different recombinant genotypes some of them showed glucoserepressed or depressed to higher concentrations of sugarcane juice subproducts. Sugar repression is one of the major limitations in the fermentation of costeffective ethanol productivity. When the hybrid genotypes were grown in a culture containing 0.02 subproducts they are exhibited positive hybrid vigor for ethanol production overall the genotypes compared to the midparents. All hybrids exhibited negative heterosis when they were cultivated in the culture containing 0.04 subproducts, indicating that they were glucosesensitive due to glucose pulses at this concentration. In addition, when the hybrids resulted from the cross between p1 x p4 were grown in a fermentation culture containing 0.06 subproducts they are also exhibited negative heterosis for ethanol productivity. In contrast, all the hybrids derived from the crosses between p2 x p5 and p3 x p5 overcoming glucose repression of 0.06 subproducts containing medium because heterosis seemed to appear at this level of carbohydrates.

This research was conducted at the university of the University of   Baghdad / Al-Jadireya during the seasons of 2016  to study the effects of applying the root stimulator Essential plus 1-0-1 and spraying   of the Acadian seaweed and  fertilizer (NPK) and their effects on the vegetative and root growth of grape transplants cv. Summer Royal. A factorial experiment was carried out according to the randomized complete block design with three replications .The experiment included 12 treatments, the first treatment (organic nutriment) (A0), included adding the root stimulator (Essential plus 1-0-1) to the soil with 4 ML.L-1 (A1) spraying the substance of the seaweed (Acadian) with of 1 g.L-1 (A2), and interaction (A3) and the second treatment was spraying with mineral fertilizer NPK (TOTAL GRO) with three concentrations (0,1.5,3 g.L-1) and were designated as B0,B1,B2.The organic nutrient treatment A3 significantly influenced all the measured characteristics as compared to the control treatment, as an increase of 84.38 % was achieved and 150 % for the leaf area of the transplant and the free amino acids, and root growth characteristics, as the length of the roots(39.26 %) and  diameter  of the roots (68.26%), as well as the surface area(26.04%) and the dry weight of the roots (48.71%).The mineral fertilization B1 and the B2 significantly impacted all the measured characteristics as compared with control , as the B2 treatment gave the maximum results in increasing the leaf area of the transplant (48.75) and the free amino acids (62.82%) and the root length (31.03%) and the roots diameter (57.05%) and the surface area of the roots (20.07%) and the dry weight of the roots (24.26%). A significant im provment was achieved in the vegetative and root growth characteristics by using organic nutriment with the mineral fertilization fcr grape transplants.