There is an association between lower 25-OH-vitamin D concentration and ADHD in childhood and adolescence. To the authors' knowledge this is the first study to investigate the relationship between vitamin D and ADHD in children.

Hepcidin levels were significantly higher in obese children with NAFLD than those without NAFLD. Obese children with NAFLD should receive attention regarding iron metabolism disorders. Serum hepcidin could be a marker of iron metabolism status and NAFLD in these groups of patients.

Pyrethroids are broad-spectrum insecticides. Permethrin intoxication due to topical application has not been documented in humans. We report a 20-month-old infant who had used 5% permethrin lotion topically for scabies treatment. Approximately 60 mL (20 mL/day) was used and after the third application he developed agitation, nausea, vomiting, respiratory distress, tachycardia, and metabolic acidosis. His clinical symptoms and metabolic acidosis normalized within 20 hours. His follow-up was unremarkable. Toxicity of permethrin is rare, and although permethrin is a widely and safely used topical agent in the treatment of scabies and lice, inappropriate use may rarely cause toxicity. Moreover, in cases of unexplained metabolic acidosis, topically applied medications should be carefully investigated.

To our knowledge, this is the first reported study to show an association between serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and ARC in a childhood group. Higher levels of serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in children with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis may indicate a possible aetiopathogenic mechanism in the development of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. This is also the first report to examine tear fluid vitamin D levels in paediatric ARC patients.

The retinal and choroidal thicknesses of children with FMF do not differ from those of age- and sex-matched healthy controls.

No abstract

We have found that carotid EMT is associated with cIMT, obesity and insulin resistance and the assessment of carotid EMT may provide additional information concerning early vascular disease.

OBJECTIVES: Low levels of vitamin D are known to increase cardiovascular mortality due to different risks. We aimed to examine whether low vitamin D levels in children and adolescents cause ventricular repolarization changes. METHODS: Sixtyseven healthy cases aged between 3.5 and 17 years were included. According to levels of vitamin D, cases were grouped as suffi cient (n=44), insuffi cient (n=13) and defi ciency (n=10). Ventricular repolarization parameters were measured manually. RESULTS: Levels of vitamin D were different for cases with insuffi ciency and defi ciency compared to suffi ciency ones (102±54.9 vs 24.4±7 ng/ml, p<0.001 and 102±54.9 vs 16.6±8.3 ng/ml, respectively, p<0.001). In the insuffi cient group the following parameters were different from suffi cient group: QTmean (357.8±25.3 vs 332±29.9 ms, p=0.012), JTc (310.8±20.2 vs 331.6±21 ms, p=0.005) and Tpe/QT (0.2±0.02 vs 0.22±0.02, p=0.02). It was found that the level of serum vitamin D correlated with JTc (r=-0.37, p=0.002), Tp-e (r=-0.29, p=0.015) and Tp-e/QT (r=-0.24, p=0.047). In the linear regression analysis, it was found that dropping level of vitamin D below normal was an independent risk factor for prolonged duration of JTc (p=0.015). CONCLUSIONS: Decline in vitamin D levels causes ventricular repolarization anomaly. As the decrease in vitamin D levels deepens, repolarization times become longer. These results could indicate that decrease in vitamin D levels can increase sensitivity to ventricular arrhythmias (Tab. 3, Ref. 45).