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ObjectiveInfrared Tympanic Thermometer (ITT) is one of the most useful instruments for accurately measuring temperature. The effects of ear pathologies on ITT measurement remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to determine if tympanic membrane perforation (TMP) affects ITT measurements in adult patients.Material and methodsA total of 90 adult patients with monaural central TMP were enrolled in this study. Patients were categorized into three subgroups according to perforation size (1–3 mm, 4–7 mm, and 8–10 mm). The tympanic temperatures of the affected and unaffected sites, and subgroups were compared with each other.ResultsThis study contained 54 (60%) males and 36 (40%) females ranging from 20 to 58 years of age (mean age: 30.74 ± 9.61 years). The mean tympanic temperature of the side affected with TMP was 36.34oC ± 0.61oC. The mean tympanic temperature of the unaffected side with healthy and intact tympanic membrane was 36.33oC ± 0.6oC. The Pearson correlation score for the tympanic temperatures and the size of TMP was 0.22 which was not significant (r=–0.12).ConclusionTMP and perforation size do not affect ITT measurements in adult patients.

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Otolaryngologists should be aware of anatomic variations of the submandibular duct(s) to avoid possible complications, especially intraoperatively, because rutine preoperative radiologic preparation does not include investigation of possible accessory ducts.

Hemotympanum is defined as the presence of blood in the middle ear cavity. It is commonly associated with skull fractures. Spontaneous hemotympanum secondary to anticoagulant therapy is extremely rare. Herein, we report the first case of a 51-year-old woman with right spontaneous hemotympanum related to the use of enoxaparin. Complete resolution of signs and symptoms was accomplished by conservative management. Close follow-up is important to assure resolution and reduce long-term sequelae. The use of anticoagulants should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hemotympanum. This is also a good case for clinicians to be mindful about hemorrhagic complications of anticoagulant treatment.

Objectives: This study aims to determine if there is an association between onset of single sided deafness (SSD) and education level in Turkish males who are diagnosed with SSD. Patients and Methods: A total of 238 male patients aged between 18 and 47 years, diagnosed as SSD before 10 years old, were prospectively enrolled. According to the onset time of SSD, patients were divided into three groups as under two years old, between 2-5 years old, and between 5-10 years old. Results: The results showed that onset time of SSD affected educational achievement. Although total of 238 patients had been diagnosed SSD before the age of 10 years, no significant relationship was recognized between the patients with SSD and normal ones in terms of educational level. Conclusion: According to results of this study, children with SSD and their families should be encouraged that this situation will not impact their educational developments in the future.

Background and objectives: Increased thyroid gland volume (TV) may bring about tracheal compression, which is one of the causes of respiratory distress. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between TV and the severity of tracheal compression independent of patients’ symptoms using semiautomated three-dimensional (3D) volumetry (S3DV) reconstructed from computed tomography (CT) scans. Cut-off TVs leading to different levels of tracheal narrowing were evaluated. Materials and Methods: One hundred sixty-three contrast-enhanced head and neck CT examinations were retrospectively assessed. TVs were measured by S3DV. The degree of tracheal compression was measured at the point where the greatest percent reduction in the cross-sectional area of the trachea adjacent to the thyroid gland was observed. To determine the severity of compression, the tracheal compression ratio (TCR) was defined (TCR = A1 (the narrowest cross-sectional area of trachea)/A2 (the largest cross-sectional area of trachea)). Results: The mean tracheal narrowing was 15% (TCR = 0.85 ± 0.15) in the study population. Patients with more than 15% tracheal compression had significantly higher TV values than those with less than 15% tracheal compression (p < 0.001). In addition, a significant correlation was found between TV and tracheal compression (p < 0.001). Moreover, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the cut-off levels for TV that predict a tracheal narrowing of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% were 19.75 mL, 21.56 mL, 24.54 mL, and 30.29 mL, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study objectively demonstrated that larger thyroid glands cause more severe compression on the trachea. The results may be helpful during the decision-making process for thyroidectomies to be performed due to compression symptoms.