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Graphene is a single layer thick consisted by honeycomb‐packed sp2 carbon atom; nanoporous graphene holds great promise in the application of filtration such as reverse osmosis method using a semipermeable membrane to remove ions, molecules, and larger particles from drinking water. The movement of molecules and ions can caused by a collision between the ions, molecules, and the graphene, so we can talk about the sputtering. In this work, we have studied the sputtering yield by Na and Cl ions to examine the potential and the challenges of osmosis membrane from graphene in order to predict the performance of the graphene membrane for use in the reverse osmosis method.

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MgO is one of the popular materials to be used as protection of the phosphor layer from plasma damage and reduction of the discharge voltages in the alternating current-type plasma display panel (AC-PDP) cells. However, one limitation on the AC-PDP lifetime is plasma erosion of MgO barrier coating. In order to maintain or extend the lifetime of the AC-PDP, we have applied potential materials such as alumina (α-Al 2 O 3 ), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), and aluminum titanate (Al 2 TiO 5 ) as a thin coating on the alkaline earth metal oxides. This review focuses on the effect of αon sputtering yields of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO bombarded by Ne + and Xe + ions in the energy range 100 to 300 eV. The SRIM-2013 simulations have been compared with the available experimental data to test the validity of the model potential and to extract the surface binding energies. These energies are employed to obtain more realistic sputtering yields of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO coated with three different ceramic coatings. Our results have shown that the coated surfaces exhibit better erosion resistance than the uncoated surfaces. It is found that the Al 2 TiO 5 coating provided superior protection against physical sputtering of the substrate; it will demonstrate better performance in comparison with α-Al 2 O 3 or TiO 2 coating. KEYWORDS α-Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , and Al 2 TiO 5 thin coatings, alkaline earth metal oxides, erosion yield, ion beam, plasma display panel, surface binding energy

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Membrane distillation (MD) is a thermally driven process since only vapor molecules are transported through porous hydrophobic membranes. This process leads to the separation into different desired phases. Air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) is considered one of the most used configurations of the membrane distillation. In this work, the impacts of NaCl concentration, porosity, and membrane pore size on the production of the flux have been investigated. The results have been carried using polynomial approximations through MATLAB. These latter are in agreement with the experiments.