Aim This study aimed to analyse bacterial community and biomineralization products from Wudalianchi non‐active volcanic field and the relationship between magnetization and bacterial community. Methods and Results Eighteen sediment samples obtained from Wenbo Lake, high‐throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR) were separately employed to investigate the bacterial community composition dynamics and abundance variation of the sediment sample with the highest iron‐reducing capacity during incubation. The mineralization products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and variable‐temperature magnetism analyses. The results showed that the highest iron reduction rate was 98·06%. Seven phyla were identified as dominant bacterial phyla during the incubation process. Iron‐reducing bacteria (FeRB) including Geobacter, Desulfosporosinus and Clostridium were involved in the iron mineralization process. The 16S rDNA copy numbers of sediment decreased quickly and then stayed steady during the incubation. Bacteria with rod‐shaped and spheroid species were involved in extracellular iron reduction to produce magnetic particles with massive aggregation and columnar structures on the mineral surface morphologies. The materials produced by the microbial community over the incubation period were sequentially identified as siderite, magnetite and maghemite. The magnetism of the mineral samples gradually increased from 0·31748 to 33·58423 emu g−1 with increased incubation time. The final products showed relatively stable magnetism under 0–400 K. Meanwhile, the saturation magnetization (MS) of the mineralized substance was tightly associated with bacterial diversity (P < 0·05). Conclusions Bacterial community varied during incubation of iron‐reducing sediment of volcanic lake. Various iron mineral crystals were in turn formed extracellularly by FeRB. The magnetism of mineralized products was tightly associated with bacterial community. Significance and Impact of the Study These results not only help us to better understand the iron mineralization of FeRB in the volcanic lake sediments but also provide basic information for the future application of FeRB in environmental bioremediation.
The spread of biodegradable plastic lm (BDFs) not only increase grain yield but also reduce the environmental pollution from plastic lm to a large extent. Soil microbes have been considered to be involved in biodegradation processes.However, the study of microbes diversity in soil mulched with biodegradable plastic lm remains limited. Here, we compared the diversity of microbes between soils with biodegradable lm and non-biodegradable lm (NBDF) mulch.The results showed that BDFs affected on the soil quality parameters, such as total C, P and NH 4 + -N, but also on the microbes species richness (ACE; Chao1) and diversity (Simpson index; Shannon index). In terms of dominant phyla and genera, BDFs and NBDF can in uence the abundance of disparate species. Furthermore, BDFs could also contribute to improve the richness of the important functional bacterial groups in soil, e.g. Pedomicrobium and Comamonas, both of which have been found to be involved in the degradation of plastic residues in soil. Finally, we found that BDFs improved the transformation of nitrogen through increased signi cantly the abundances of Nitrobacter and Nitrospira. Our results highlight the impact of BDFs mulch on the abundance of functional bacteria in the soil.
A variety of biological materials including schwertmannite, jarosite, iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) and magnetosomes can be produced by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A. ferrooxidans). Their possible formation mechanisms involved in iron transformation, iron transport, and electron transfer were proposed. The schwertmannite formation usually occurs under the pH of 2.0-3.51, and a lower or higher pH will promote jarosite to be produced. Available Fe 2+ in the environment and the carrier proteins that can transport Fe 2+ to the intracellular membranes of A. ferrooxidans play a critical role in the synthesis of magnetosomes and ISC. The potential applications of these biological materials were reviewed, including removal of heavy metal by schwertmannite, detoxification of toxic species by jarosite, the transference of electron and ripening the iron sulfur protein by ISC, and biomedical application of magnetosomes. Additionally, some perspectives for the molecular mechanisms of synthesis and regulation of these biomaterials were briefly described.
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating key biological processes; however, our knowledge of lncRNAs’ roles in plant adaptive evolution is still limited. Here, we determined the divergence of conserved lncRNAs in closely related poplar species that were either tolerant or sensitive to salt stress by comparative transcriptome analysis. Among the 34,363 identified lncRNAs, approximately 3% were shared among poplar species with conserved sequences but diversified in their function, copy number, originating genomic region and expression patterns. Further cluster analysis revealed that the conserved lncRNAs showed more similar expression patterns within salt-tolerant poplars (P. euphratica and P. pruinosa) than between salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive poplars. Among these lncRNAs, the antisense lncRNA lncERF024 was induced by salt and differentiated expression between salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant poplars. Overexpression of lncERF024 in P. alba var. pyramidalis enhanced poplar tolerance to salt stress. Furthermore, RNA pull-down and RNA-seq analysis showed that numerous candidate genes or proteins associated with stress response and photosynthesis might be involved in salt resistance in PeulncERF024-OE poplars. Altogether, our study provided novel insight into how the diversification of lncRNA expression contributes to plant adaptation traits and showed that lncERF024 may be involved in the regulation both of gene expression and protein function conferring salt tolerance in Populus.
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