Economic/decision study, level III.

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Sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations report numerous mental health disparities relative to heterosexual and cisgender populations, due in part to the effects of minority stress. This article evaluated self-compassion as a coping resource among SGM populations by (a) meta-analyzing the associations between self-compassion, minority stress, and mental health; and (b) synthesizing evidence for the mediating effects of self-compassion between minority stress and mental health. Systematic searches of databases identified 21 papers for the systematic review and 19 for the meta-analysis. Significant metaanalytic associations were found between self-compassion and minority stress (n = 4,296, r = À.29), psychological distress (n = 3,931, r = À.59), and well-being (n = 2,493, r = .50). The research synthesis identified supporting evidence for self-compassion as a coping resource for SGM people. The results of this review warrant further self-compassion research, particularly longitudinal research, for SGM populations. Public Health Significance StatementFindings from this meta-analysis and systematic review suggest that self-compassion may be an important coping resource to buffer against minority stress among sexual and gender minority populations at risk for mental health problems. Results from this review provide evidence from which to begin developing and implementing self-compassion interventions for sexual and gender minority populations to improve mental health.

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BackgroundIntravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is a proven therapy for stroke in the acute treatment window. Recent published data has shown efficacy for embolectomy for acute ischemic strokes within up to six, 16 and 24 hours in the anterior circulation but there is no guideline for optimal therapy for patients with posterior circulation stroke, specifically basilar artery occlusion (BAO) outside the standard IV rt-PA treatment window.AimTo evaluate differences in outcomes between maximal medical treatment versus thrombectomy in BAO.MethodWe retrospectively evaluated prospectively collected acute stroke code patients from our stroke registry from 7/2004 to 7/2016. Patients who received IV rt-PA were excluded. Patients with evidence of posterior circulation ischemia and a hyper dense artery sign on initial non-contrast CT were included as a surrogate for direct vessel data before 2014. Patients after 9/2014 were selected by evidence of BAO on vessel imaging. All patients were categorized either as endovascular therapy or standard medical treatment alone. Demographics, hospital discharge location and Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days were compared. Two-sample t-test and Fisher’s exact test compared continuous and categorical variables across groups respectively.ResultsA total of 18 patients were included (three embolectomy and 15 medical therapy only). There were no significant differences in demographic data (age, gender, race, ethnicity, blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, tobacco use, alcohol use and initial NIHSS). Results for outcome and efficacies showed no statistical difference between medical management and endovascular intervention for functional outcome mRS (0-3) at 90 days (p = 0.2) and discharge location of home/inpatient rehabilitation vs other locations (p = 0.52).ConclusionsOur single-center review showed the expected transition from predominantly medically treated posterior circulation BAOs, to a mixed pattern including embolectomy. Although the sample size was small, this study also illustrates the lack of clear efficacy data for optimal treatment strategies, and the ongoing treatment challenges in posterior circulation stroke population in a population of patients outside the rt-PA window.