Sodium chloride is a major source of salt in human nutrition. It is well-known that long-term high-salt diet (HSD) was associated with the development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease, especially when sodium intake exceeds 5 g/day. 1 There is an emerging evidence that the consumptions of dietary sodium are usually excess of requirements in the form of salt in many countries among adults and childrens, and then, leading to the excess weight gain. 2 Strikingly, both experimental data from animal and epidemiological data from clinical investigations in human being demonstrated that long-term HSD may cause cognitive dysfunction and brain tissue damage in adult individuals. 3,4 Data from rodents reported that HSD impaired cognitive function without changing blood pressure. 5,6 Furthermore, HSD disturbed the short-and long-term memory of mouse with corresponding increases in hippocampal oxidative stress and deregulation of synaptic protein/neurotrophin. 6 The importance of adequate maternal nutrition during the development for offspring's long-term physical health has
The interaction between microglia and astrocytes exhibits a relatively balanced state in order to maintain homeostasis in the healthy central nervous system (CNS). Disease stimuli alter microglia–astrocyte interaction patterns and elicit cell-type-specific responses, resulting in their contribution to various pathological processes. Here, we review the similarities and differences in the activation modes between microglia and astrocytes in various scenarios, encompassing different stages of neural development and a wide range of neural disorders. The aim is to provide a comprehensive understanding of their roles in neural development and regeneration and guiding new strategies for restoring CNS homeostasis.
a b s t r a c tIn recent years, the frequency and intensity of drought in China are on the rise, and most of the major grain producing provinces are situated in the drought-prone areas, so agricultural drought has become one of the main factors restricting the agricultural production in China. In this paper, with Henan province being taken as the research area, the change trend of agricultural drought area of Henan province was analyzed, and the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of Henan province were evaluated based on the regional agricultural drought index. The research showed that the inter-annual change of agricultural drought index showed a decreasing trend year by year (tendency rate was -0.12/10a), indicating that the drought degree decreased year by year. The east and south of North Henan, east and north of Eastern Henan, and north and east of Central Henan were mild drought-prone areas; the east of Western Henan, west and north of North Henan, and west of Central Henan were moderate drought-prone areas; the west of North Henan, west of Western Henan, and north of South Henan were severe drought-prone areas.
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