We developed a novel strategy to prepare functionalized fluorescent gold nanodots (AuNDs) based on a ligand exchange reaction and demonstrated that glutathione modified AuNDs can be utilized for highly sensitive and selective Pb(2+) sensing in aqueous solution.
A series of dual-ligand cofunctionalized fluorescent gold nanodots with similar fluorescence and diverse surface properties has been designed and synthesized to build a protein sensing array. Using this "chemical nose/tongue" strategy, fluorescence response patterns can be obtained on the array and identified via linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Eight proteins have been well distinguished at low concentration (A280 = 0.005) based on this sensor array. The practicability of this sensor array was further validated by high accuracy (100%) examination of 48 unknown protein samples.
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a highly toxic environmental pollutant and also an important gaseous transmitter. Therefore, selective detection of H2S is very important, and visual detection of it with the naked eye is preferred in practical applications. In this study, thiolated azido derivates and active esters functionalized gold nanoparticles (AE-AuNPs)-based nanosensors have been successfully prepared for H2S perception. The sensing principle consists of two steps: first, H2S reduces the azide group to a primary amine; second, a cross-linking reaction between the primary amine and active ester induces the aggregation of AuNPs. The AE-AuNPs-based nanosensors show high selectivity toward H2S over other anions and thiols due to the specific azide-H2S chemistry. Under optimal conditions, 0.2 μM H2S is detectable using a UV-vis spectrophotometer, and 4 μM H2S can be easily detected by the naked eye. In addition, the practical application of the designed nanosensors was evaluated with lake water samples.
We report a one-pot, two-step strategy to synthesize fluorescent gold nanodots (AuNDs) co-modified with 1-(10-mercaptodecyl)-5-methylpyrimidine-2,4-dione (TSH) and 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) through a ligand exchange reaction and demonstrate their capability of selective sulfide sensing in aqueous media on the basis of fluorescence recovery.
Nuclear factors of activated T-cells (NFAT) c3 has a prominent role in regulation of proinflammatory factors in immune cells. The classically activated M1 macrophages are key players in the initiation and maintenance of adipose tissue (AT) inflammation. The role of NFATc3 in obesity and AT inflammation is unknown. We set out to determine how deficiency of NFATc3 effected macrophage polarization, inflammation and insulin resistance in visceral adipose tissue of high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Nfatc3-/- and wild type (WT) mice were fed a HFD for 8 to 17 weeks. Epididymal white AT (eWAT) F4/80(+) cells were characterized by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and quantitative RT-PCR. Results showed that Nfatc3-/- mice developed HFD-induced obesity similar to WT mice, but insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance were improved, and liver fat accumulation was reduced in Nfatc3-/- mice compared to WT control mice. Moreover, M1 macrophage content and proinflammatory factors were reduced whereas the alternatively activated M2 macrophage content was increased in eWAT of HFD-fed Nfatc3-/- mice compared to that of WT mice. In addition, eWAT insulin signaling was improved in HFD-fed Nfatc3-/- mice. Importantly, after bone-marrow-derived macrophages had been isolated from Nfatc3-/- mice and cultured in vitro, treatment of these cells with interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide resulted in reduction of M1 inflammatory markers, suggesting that NFATc3 promoted M1 polarization by a cell-autonomous mechanism. The results demonstrated that NFATc3 played an important role in M1 macrophage polarization, adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in response to obesity through transcriptional activation of proinflammatory genes.
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