The herbal immunoregulation mixture (HIRM) were extracts of several traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs): Astragalus membranaceus (from the root and stem), Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (from the root), Isatis tinctoria L. (from the root), Glycyrrhiza glabra (from the stem). Immune parameters, which included macrophage phagocytic activity, macrophage reactive oxygen species (ROS), activity of serum lysozyme, nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), levels of total serum protein, globulin, albumin, triglyceride and cholesterol, were determined in carp that had been fed diets containing HIRM at 0.5% or 1% for 30 days. The results showed that, compared with those in the control group, the diets with 0.5% and 1% HIRM resulted in significant increase in macrophage phagocytic activity, macrophage ROS and the levels of total protein, globulin, albumin and NOS activity in serum (P < 0.05), and no significant difference was found in SOD, lysozyme activities and triglyceride level (P > 0.05). On the other hand, 0.5% HIRM led to evident enhancement of NOS activity and cholesterol level compared to 1% HIRM. These results indicated that HIRM might elevate the function of immunity in carp (Cyprinus carpio).

Hospital staff should pay attention to hypoactive delirium, take measures properly to decrease the severity and duration of delirium to improve the results of delirious patients.

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Qompsell are extracts of several traditional Chinese medicines: Astragalus membranaceus, Portulaca oleracea L, Flavescent sophora and Andrographis paniculata, etc. The macrophage phagocytic activity, macrophage ROS (reactive oxygen species), activity of serum lysozyme, SOD (superoxide dismutase), NOS (nitric oxide synthetase) and levels of total serum protein, globulin, and albumin were measured in carp that had been fed diets containing Qompsell at 0.3 g kg−1 for 60 days. The results showed that Qompsell had increased the macrophage phagocytic activity, macrophage ROS and the content of total protein, globulin, lysozyme in serum significantly (P<0.05). Also, the triglyceride and cholesterol levels had slightly increased but there was no significant difference. However, NOS, SOD and albumin showed no significant difference (P>0.05). These results indicate that the Qompsell formula might elevate the immunity function of carp (Cyprinus carpio).

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STING agonists have made great progress in tumor immunotherapy. However, the inherent instability and low bioavailability have limited their wide applications. Herein, a reduction sensitive polymer with pair-wised carboxyl groups that further encapsulate a cationic phenanthriplatin drug (PhenPt) as STING agonists into nanoparticles (PhenPt NPs) via electrostatic interactions is designed. PhenPt NP can release PhenPt in cancer cells, which then induce DNA damage, activate the STING signaling pathway, stimulate innate and adaptive immune responses, and improve the chemo-immunotherapy efficacy. In vitro, for the first time it is found that PhenPt NP can activate cGAS-STING pathway. Further genome-wide RNA-sequencing reveals that DNA replication, mismatch repair, homologous recombination, and other gene repair-related pathways are involved. In vivo, PhenPt NP are found to completely inhibit the tumor growth, thereby shifting the tumor microenvironment from immunosuppressive to immunostimulatory phenotype, and boosting antitumor immune responses for long-term immunity. In addition, PhenPt NP combined with checkpoint blockade therapy (a-PD-L1) can elicit long-term immune response on both primary and distant tumors by activating the cGAS-STING pathway. Overall, this nano-delivery system with cationic chemotherapeutic drugs can greatly enhance DNA damage and activate immunity, hence providing a promising strategy for enhanced chemo-immunotherapy.

Decellularization is a promising technique to produce natural scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. However, non-crosslinked natural scaffolds disfavor application in cardiovascular surgery due to poor biomechanics and rapid degradation. Herein, we proposed a green strategy to crosslink and functionalize acellular scaffolds via the self-assembly of copper@tea polyphenol nanoparticles (Cu@TP NPs), and the resultant nanocomposite acellular scaffolds were named as Cu@TP-dBPs. The crosslinking degree, biomechanics, denaturation temperature and resistance to enzymatic degradation of Cu@TP-dBPs were comparable to those of glutaraldehyde crosslinked dBPs (Glut-dBPs). Furthermore, Cu@TP-dBPs were biocompatible and had abilities to inhibit bacterial growth and promote the formation of capillary-like networks. Subcutaneous implantation models demonstrated that Cu@TP-dBPs were free of calcification and allowed for host cell infiltration at day 21. Cardiac patch graft models confirmed that Cu@TP-dBP patches showed improved ingrowth of functional blood vessels and remodeling of extracellular matrix at day 60. These results suggested that Cu@TP-dBPs not only had comparable biomechainics and biostability to Glut-dBPs, but also had several advantages over Glut-dBPs in terms of anticalcification, remodeling and integration capabilities. Particularly, they were functional patches possessing antibacterial and proangiogenic activities. These material properties and biological functions made Cu@TP-dBPs a promising functional acellular patch for cardiovascular applications.