The ability of two freshly isolated Boletus stains to fruit under axenic conditions was tested using different solid and liquid nutrient media. One strain (YNCX04) produced numerous primordia from which fruiting bodies, 12 mm and 10 mm in length, with grey, convex pilei, and yellow-white, clavate stipes developed between 15 and 30 d after inoculation of fungal mycelium onto a solid medium consisting of mineral salts, thiamine, glucose, potato, an extract of Cunninghamia lanceolata root, and agar. The other strain (YNB200) produced numerous primordia but no sporophores. Strain YNCX04 lost the ability to form fruiting bodies in axenic culture 6 mo after initial isolation but retained the ability to form primordia for up to 18 mo. Based on internal transcribed spacer sequencing data, strains YNB200 and YNCX04 formed a sub-cluster together with four previously designated Boletus edulis strains from China. Phylogenetic analysis placed the Chinese strains closer to B. aestivalis than to European and North American strains of B. edulis, although a 29-bp fragment specific to all the B. aestivalis strains was absent from all the Chinese strains. Furthermore, partial 18S rDNA sequences from strains YNB200 and YNCX04 exhibited 98% similarity with an 18S rDNA sequence from B. edulis strain Be3. Further molecular studies are indicated to more accurately establish the taxonomic positions ofF3 and F4-3, as well as the Chinese strains designated as B. edulis.
In China, finding a vacant parking space in a congested area or a large parking lot is always time consuming and frustrating. To minimize hassle and inconvenience to the automatic drivers, this paper proposed a novel smart parking system which consists of many parking sensor nodes and one parking gateway in one large parking lot. Parking sensor node is used as vehicle occupancy detector and parking gateway is used as parking lot manager. All parking sensor nodes compose wireless sensor networks with Zigbee transmission protocol. With the GPRS/3G transmission function of parking gateway, large parking lot can provide friendly parking information to the running vehicles and subscribed users. In a word, the proposed novel smart parking system is provided with innovative and practicability.
The objective of environmental observation with wireless sensor networks is to extract the synoptic structures of the phenomena of region of interest (ROI) in order to make effective predictive and analytical characterizations. Adaptive sampling strategy is regarded as a much promising method for improving energy efficiency in recent years. However, due to distributed characteristics of wireless sensor networks, adaptive sampling schemes should be operated in a distributed manner with clustering algorithm. In this paper, we dedicate to investigating appropriate sensing-aware clustering algorithm for adaptive sampling. The principle of SAC algorithm follows such metric: sensor nodes that are similar to each other in terms of their observed sensory data should be clustered into one group. Besides, sensor nodes will join in its nearest cluster for the sake of spatial correlation model with Euclidean physical distance. By emphasizing on the sensing-aware clustering, it helps to derive better spatial correlation to guarantee adaptive sampling. The simulation results verify SAC algorithm at the aspect of correlation factor.
In order to solve the engineering application problems of parametric rapidly in design of wind turbine tower, an automatic design method of wind turbine tower is put forward first, and the automatic design model was built through analyzing the key parameters and parameters’ calculation relation in different cases: same taper tower design and variable taper tower design. The key parameters, height, diameter and wall thickness of the tower, are mainly considered. Then, an automatic design system of the wind turbine tower is developed and realized according to the model. Finally, the system effectiveness is verified through taking a wind turbine for example. The results show that the system can enhance the design efficiency and shorten the cycle times at the same time.
Baijiu vinasse was used as the protein source to produce protein foaming agent. The hydrolysis conditions were optimized. The results show that the optimal conditions are: for every 20 g of baijiu vinasse, 1 g CaO and 80 mL water are add, the reaction temperature is 80°C and reaction time is 2 h. Hydrolyzed twice under the optimal conditions, the protein extraction rate can reach 30.5%. After the hydrolyzation, supernatant was collected, neutralized and condensed to 3% protein content as protein foaming agent. Foam properties were determined by Ross-Miles meter. The foamability is 172 mm, and foam stability is 160 mm, which shows huge potential for application.
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