Candidaemia still continues to be a serious medical concern and the epidemiology of candidaemia varies according to geographical areas. We aim to determine the incidence, local epidemiology, Candida species distribution and crude mortality rates of candidaemia. We retrospectively evaluated candidaemia episodes in between January 2007 and August 2014. We compared demographic, clinical, microbiological findings and mortality rates of episodes caused by Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida species. Overall the candidaemia incidences were 1.23 episodes/1000 admissions. A significant negative slope among candidaemia episodes and years was determined. Overall C. albicans (54.6%) was the most common species followed by Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis respectively. Preinfection hospital stay and length of hospital stay were statistically longer in patients with non-albicans Candida candidaemia than in patients with C. albicans candidaemia. The source of candidaemia was unknown in 52.5% of all episodes. Central venous catheters among non-albicans Candida candidaemia episodes and urinary system among C. albicans candidaemia episodes were common source of candidaemia compared to each other. Previous antifungal therapy preceding candidaemia and concomitant bacteraemia were significantly associated with non-albicans Candida candidaemia. Continuous local surveillance will preserve its pivotal importance in formulating empirical antifungal therapy and improving management of candidaemia.
Am ma aç ç: : Hedonik açlık, metabolik ihtiyaç yokluğunda, mevcut olmayan besinlere karşı yeme isteği duyulması sonucunda, besinden zevk alma beklentisi ile ilişkili olarak iştahın açılmasını ifade etmektedir. Çalışma, erişkin bireylerin hedonik açlık durumları ile aşırı besin isteği, dürtüsellik ve benlik saygısı durumları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amacıyla planlanmıştır. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : Çalışmaya, Kasım 2018-Ocak 2019 tarihleri arasında Bandırma ilçesinde yaşayan 18-65 yaş arası gönüllü 158 (%50,2) kadın, 157 (%49,8) erkek birey dahil edilmiştir. Bireylerin kişisel özelliklerini saptamak için 35 sorudan oluşan bir anket formu ile Görsel Analog Skalası, Besin Gücü Ölçeği, Aşırı Besin İsteği Ölçeği, Barratt Dürtüsellik Ölçeği ve Coopersmith Benlik Saygısı Envanteri uygulanarak veriler toplanmıştır. Verilerin istatistiksel analizleri SPSS 22,0 paket programı ile yapılmıştır. B Bu ul lg gu ul la ar r: : Besin Gücü Ölçeği ölçek puanı ve tüm alt faktör puanları kadınlarda erkeklerden daha yüksektir ve aralarındaki fark istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Çalışmaya katılan bireylerin yaş ortalaması 37,95±12,30 yıldır ve 18-27, 28-38, 39-48 ve ≥49 yaş gruplarındaki bireylerin hedonik açlık durumları incelendiğinde; Besin Gücü Ölçeği ölçeği toplam puanı giderek azalmaktadır. Çikolata ve çikolatalı ürünler, kremalı pasta ve pastane ürünleri, cips, fast-food yiyecekler, patates kızartması, ekmek çeşitleri, makarna, hamur işleri ve dondurma tüketme isteği ile Besin Gücü Ölçeği puanı arasındaki pozitif ilişki istatistiksel açıdan önemli bulunmuştur. Bireylerin Aşırı Besin İsteği Ölçeği toplam ve alt faktör puanları arttıkça hedonik açlığın da pozitif yönde arttığı görülmektedir ve bu ilişkilerin hepsi istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Barratt dürtüsellik toplam ve alt faktör puanları arttıkça hedonik açlığın da pozitif yönde arttığı görülmektedir ve istatistiksel olarak önemlidir. Coopersmith benlik saygısı toplam puanı arttıkça hedonik açlığın pozitif yönde arttığı görülmektedir ancak aralarındaki bu ilişki istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildir. S So on nu uç ç: : Cinsiyet, yaş gibi bireysel farklılıklar ile aşırı besin isteği duyulan besin çeşitleri, aşırı besin isteğinin varlığı, dürtüsellik, benlik saygısı gibi faktörler bireylerin hedonik açlık durumlarını etkilemektedir. Hedonik açlığa yol açan faktörlerin belirlenmesi bireylere özgü planlanacak beslenme programlarında daha doğru yönlendirmeler yapılmasına, bireylerin beslenme alışkanlıklarının iyileştirilmesine, fazla kiloluluk ve obezitenin tedavisi ve önlenmesine yönelik başarının artırılmasına katkı sağlayacaktır.
ObjectivesMetabolic syndrome (MS) is a fatal endocrinopathy that begins with insulin resistance (IR) and causes abdominal obesity, glucose intolerance, or systemic disorders. This study was aimed to determine the cut-off values for the triglyceride (TG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, the TG glucose (TyG) index and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) for the diagnosis of MS in obese adolescents, and to compare which of the three indexes would offer a more accurate approach to diagnosis.MethodsThe study population comprised 1,171 obese adolescents (639 females and 532 males aged 10–16 years, Body Mass Index (BMI)>=95th percentile). Indirect measures of IR screening for MS were the TG/HDL ratio, TyG index, and HOMA-IR. The cut-off values of the TG/HDL ratio, TyG index, and HOMA-IR were obtained from receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsHOMA-IR had a significant positive correlation with the TyG index (r=0.352, p<0.001) and TG/HDL-C (r=0.291, p<.001). The TyG index and TG/HDL-C showed a strong positive correlation (r=0.901, p<0.001). The TG/HDL-C ratio showed a larger ROC Area under Curve (AUC=0.849) than HOMA-IR index (AUC=0.689), but as a predictor similar to TyG index (AUC=0.833) when screening for MS. The cut-off values for MS were as follows: TG/HDL-C ratio>2.16 (sensitivity: 88.8%; specificity: 49.7%), TyG index>8.50 (sensitivity: 85.6%; specificity: 57.0%) and HOMA-IR>2.52 (sensitivity: 83.2%; specificity: 40.4%).ConclusionsBoth the TyG index and TG/HDL-C ratio are better markers than HOMA-IR to determine the risk of metabolic syndrome according to IDF criteria. Besides, the TyG index and TG/HDL-C ratio have similar differentiating powers to determine this risk in obese Turkish adolescents.
The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive content analysis of Television (TV) food advertising and compare various food advertisements on free-to-air Turkish national TV channels by broadcast time (duration) and frequency over the period of a week (19-25 April 2012). TV food advertisements were the unit of content analysis in this study. Each advertisement identified as promoting a food product was analysed for content; non-food advertisements were not analysed, although they were counted as a proportion of the advertisements aired. We recorded all programmes for 4 h each per day (7 p.m.-11 p.m.), totalling 84 h. Five types of food-related advertisements were identified (basic foods, junk foods, meat products, beverages and fast food), and six types of non-food advertisements. The Student t-test and ANOVA were used to compare the mean broadcast time of all prime time advertising for the two groups. The mean broadcast times for prime time, non-food advertisements showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). This difference is related to the prime time period 7 p.m.-8 p.m. being considered dinner time for most Turkish families. Additionally, the number and broadcast times of beverage advertisements increased during this time period, while the broadcast time per beverage advertisement decreased (ratio = 20.8 s per ads). As a result, TV food advertising increased not only during dinner time but also in overall broadcast time (per advertisement). These findings may be useful for explaining how advertising can negatively influence food choices, thereby increasing public awareness of the need for health messages targeting obesity.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.