AimThis manuscript aims to describe stigmatizing features of diabetes.DesignThis article presents a narrative review of literature pertaining to stigma surrounding diabetes in different contexts.MethodsA literature search was conducted in CINAHL, PubMed and Web of Science for qualitative studies published between 2007–2017. The search was completed using various combinations of diabetes, T1DM, T2DM, stigma, social/public stigma, internalized/self‐stigma, stigmatization and diabetes‐related stigma in English. The reviewers then independently reviewed the eligible studies (N = 18) to extract data.ResultsFrom the 18 studies included in this narrative review, seven features related to stigma in diabetes were identified. People with diabetes were most notably considered and stigmatized as being “sick,” “death reminder,” “rejected marriage candidate,” “self‐inflicting,” “contagiousness,” “requiring a dietary modification” and “drunk or drug abuser.”
This study aimed to explore the responses of Iranian young people with type 1 diabetes to the diabetes-related stigma. Conventional qualitative content analysis approach guided this inquiry. Volunteered people with type 1 diabetes were recruited by purposeful sampling from one endocrine and metabolism center in Isfahan in 2012. Data gathering was done through 17 individual unstructured in-depth interviews and 3 focus groups. Data saturation was achieved through 33 participants. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. All participants acknowledged stigma and responded it in different ways, which was categorized in two main categories including living in the shadow (hide and seek, missing diabetes, withdrawal) and moving toward light (diabetes disclosure, destruction of the false bubbles). The most response especially for girls was to live in the shadow of silence that can be associated with negative consequences affecting diabetes management. Moving towards the light, suggests that it is possible to help people with type-1-diabetes to achieve a normal life as much as possible. It is necessary to plan the anti-stigma programs and engage them actively to reduce stigma and mitigate or prevent its negative impacts.
BACKGROUND
Cephalic malposition of the lower lateral cartilages is a common nasal anatomic variation. Knowing the range of lateral crura (LC) divergence angle in Iranian population can help Middle East plastic surgeons. This study aimed to determine LC divergence angle of candidates for primary rhinoplasty in Iranian population.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 256 candidates for primary rhinoplasty from November 2017 through May 2018. Two sides of LC divergence angle were measured intraoperatively by a researcher-made device.
RESULTS
Totally, 211 female and 45 male patients with the mean age of 29.9±6.51 years were recruited. The mean LC divergence angle was 35.86±4.74° (between 20-50°). The mean LC divergence angle was 35.11° and 36.02° in male and females, respectively. There was no significant difference between males and females. In addition, there was no significant correlation between LC divergence angle and age. LC divergence angle had normal distribution and about 68% of the LC divergence angle were within one standard deviation of the mean (i.e. 32 to 40 degree).
CONCLUSION
In 16% of studied people, the divergence angle of the lateral crus of the lower lateral cartilage was lower than 32° and was considered as malposition.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.