Our data showed that in patients with SCF, serum MDA and erythrocyte SOD levels were increased while erythrocyte GSH levels were decreased significantly, compared with NCF patients. These results indicate that free-radical damage may play a role in the pathogenesis of SCF.

Extract procedures for urinary GAGs using CPC or CETAB are able to recover similar amounts of CS quantified by agarose-gel electrophoresis and HPLC. However, CPC yields greater recovery of HS than the CETAB protocol; an increase of approximately 3.3 times as evaluated by electrophoresis. This different capacity of HS extraction between CPC and CETAB should be considered when urinary GAGs of subjects affected by various diseases and related pharmacological treatments are considered, or meta-analysis is performed comparing various studies and trials performed under different experimental conditions.

The policies of Khrushchev, called Soviet Revisionism in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and considered as a betrayal of Marxism, led to the beginning of the period known as the Sino-Soviet Separation in the Cold War. During this period, the PRC embarked on propaganda against Soviet Revisionism and aimed to keep the Chinese people away from the ideas of Soviet Revisionism. In the propaganda process, the Chinese people were encouraged to read Marxist-Leninist based books and ideological deviation was tried to be prevented. In the ideologicalbased posters prepared in this period, the books were also highlighted for propaganda purposes. Objective: In this study, it was aimed to show how the ideological reflections of the period were used in books within the scope of propaganda. Method: In the study, how the books were presented for propaganda purposes in the posters prepared by the PRC against Soviet Revisionism and ideological deviation was examined through Jakobson's method of semiotics. Three of the six basic functions (emotive function, referential function and conative function) in Jakobson's communication model were used as semiotics method. Findings: In the findings obtained in the study, it was concluded that a general mobilization was initiated in Chinese society towards reading Marxist-Leninist books through posters and the perception that this mobilization was supported by the masses was highlighted. Implications: Books played an important role in the ideological struggle of the PRC with the Soviet Union. It was revealed that the PRC used books to protect the Chinese people from Soviet Revisionism and encouraged the reading of publications on Marxist-Leninist ideology. Originality: Studies on the subject in Turkey were limited. When the historical background of the study was examined, it was seen that the destalization process was initiated in the Soviet Union in the reign of Nikita Khrushchev, who came to the leadership of the country after the death of Joseph Stalin and it was tried that the relations between the Soviet Union and the USA continued on the basis of consensus in foreign policy. In all this process, the PRC, led by Mao Zedong, opposed the practices in the Soviet Union and serious ideological differences emerged between the two countries. In the study, books reflecting these ideological differences were the subject.

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