Background Vitamin B12 is an important vitamin for metabolism and affects many mechanisms in the body including neuronal migration, DNA synthesis, neurotransmitter synthesis, brain and cognitive development. Increased oxidative stress in the body leads to the damage of the child development, but also plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many diseases encountered in the childhood period. Our aim is to investigate whether or not B12 deficiency is associated with dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis in adolescent patients. Methods This is a case-controlled observational study consisting of 45 adolescent patients with vitamin b12 deficiency and a control group consisting of 45 healthy adolescent. Patients between 11 and 18 ages who applied to the outpatient clinic for the first time with one of the complaints of headache were selected due to their decreased school performance, dizziness, and fatigue. Hemogram, vitamin B12, homocysteine levels and oxidative stress parameters such as native and total thiol disulfide levels and ratios of disulfide/native thiol, disulfide/total thiol, and native thiol/total thiol were measured from the patients. Results Vitamin B12 level was found to be significantly lower in vitamin B12 deficiency group (p < 0.001). The serum disulfide level was found to be 27.5 ± 8.38 in the case group and 20.5 ± 8.36 in the control group (p < 0.001). In the multiple linear regression analysis, it was determined that the independent variables of native thiol, homocysteine and disulfide levels effected of vitamin B12 levels (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.005 respectively; R2 = 0.62). Conclusion The results obtained in terms of the effect of vitamin B12 deficiency on oxidative stress in adolescents are remarkable. The increase in oxidative stress parameters in the patient group may also suggest that oxidative stress plays a vital role in vitamin B12 deficiency in adolescence.

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BackgroundCow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is usually transient, with most children tolerating ingested cow's milk by 3 years of age. This study aimed to determine factors that promote or hindering the development of tolerance to CMPA.MethodsA logistic regression model was used to determine independent risk factors associated with tolerance and persistence of CMPA.ResultA total of 178 children diagnosed with CMPA were included in the study. The patients’ median age was 32 months (minimum‐maximum, 14 to 144 months), and their median follow‐up period was 30 months (minimum‐maximum, 12 to 54 months). In the follow‐up, CMPA persisted in 62 (34.8%) patients. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to patient's age. Group I was <3 years old and group II was ≥3 years old. The factors independently associated with the persistence of CMPA for group I were as follows: comorbid food allergies (p = 0.021), the presence of an immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated reaction (p = 0.001), and respiratory system symptoms (ie, tachypnea) (p = 0.036). The presence of gastrointestinal‐related discomfort (p = 0.001) was an independent risk factor associated with the development of tolerance. The presence of comorbid food allergies (p = 0.03) was the only independent predictive factor for CMPA persistence for group II.ConclusionThe prognosis in cases of CMPA, a food allergy, is good, with tolerance developing over time. The presence of IgE‐mediated CMPA, respiratory‐related symptoms (ie, tachypnea), and the presence of comorbid food allergies have negative effects on tolerance.

Background/Objectives Diaper dermatitis is often caused by irritant contact occurring beneath the diaper of an infant, and it is aggravated by factors such as dampness, friction, urea, and feces. Food‐allergic patients are known to exhibit various skin lesions ranging from urticaria to eczema. This study aims to determine the relationship between persistent diaper dermatitis and food allergy. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted of pediatric patients with a diagnosis of persistent diaper dermatitis between August 2015 and November 2017. Results The study included 157 patients diagnosed with persistent diaper dermatitis (67 male, 72 female; median age: 13 months). Diaper dermatitis was more common and included the whole perineum in children who had multiple food allergies (P = 0.001). In children with multiple food allergies, the course of diaper dermatitis was more severe, and the condition did not respond to topical treatment (P = 0.025). A longer elimination diet was required for patients with Type I reactions and persistent diaper dermatitis (P = 0.018). In patients with Type II and mixed reactions, diaper dermatitis was more diffuse and covered the whole perineum (P = 0.025). In patients with Type II and mixed reactions, diaper dermatitis was more severe and did not respond to topical treatment (P = 0.025). Conclusions Persistent diaper dermatitis lasting longer than a month may be associated with food allergy. The diaper rash may also be the only indicator of the food allergy. Elimination of the responsible food may allow these patients to recover from persistent diaper dermatitis.

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the oxidative stress (OS) levels and dynamic thiol-disulfide balance in preterm newborns with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Methods This prospective study included newborns separated into 2 groups, those with BPD (case) or without BPD (control). The 2 groups were compared by clinical and laboratory findings. The OS parameters total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), OS index (OSI), native thiol (NT), and total thiol were measured within the first day after birth. Oxygen requirements were measured using the fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) recorded in the first hour after birth/admission and the average FIO2 within 28 days of the birth. Results Infants diagnosed with BPD had a significantly lower gestational age and birth weight and a lower 5-min Apgar score (P &lt; .05). Infants with BPD also had a higher rate of respiratory distress syndrome, rate of use of surfactant therapy, duration of ventilation therapy, and duration of hospital stay compared with control (P = .001, P = .001, P = .001, and P = .001, respectively). Plasma TAS and NT levels of newborns with BPD were significantly lower than newborns without BPD (P &lt; .05). In the BPD group, plasma TOS and OSI levels were significantly higher than in the control group. Conclusion We found that OS was increased in newborns with BPD. The clinical significance of this study will provide the clinician with a different perspective on BPD by determining the dynamic thiol disulfide balance.

Purpose: Although it is known that timely initiation of breastfeeding (TIB) has beneficial effects on newborn and maternal health as well as increasing exclusive breastfeeding for first 6 months, global and regional desired TIB rates have not been reached yet. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the “Neonatal Baby Service” (NBS) on TIB. Material and Methods: The descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out at NBS and obstetrics and gynecology service (OGS) of Aksaray University Training and Research Hospital in Turkey between September 01 and December 31, 2021. A total of 486 newborns who were born between 32-40 weeks, weighed over 2000 g and were not separated from their mothers during the first 2 hours were included in the study Results: The overall rate of TIB was in the study was 80.5% (n=391). TIB rate were found to be significant as 83.1% (n=296) in the NBS, and 73.1% (n=95) in the OGS (p=0.013). When breastfeeding problem were analysed, it was found to be 46.9% in OGS and 28.9% in the NBS (p

Congenital anomalies present with significant financial, social, and moral issues and questions to the family and society and are difficult to rehabilitate. In utero exposure to teratogenic agents and infection are the two most important causes of nongenetic acquired anomalies presenting at birth. Teratogens such as drugs, adverse maternal conditions, and toxins are environmental factors that cause permanent structural or functional malformations or death of the embryo or fetus. Teratogens may cause significant congenital anomalies if encountered during the organogenesis period of 3-8 weeks of fetal life, which is the stage of tissues and organs formation, whereas minor morphological and functional disorders may occur with exposure during the fetal period of first 2 weeks. TORCH group infections (toxoplasmosis, others, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes) are the most serious infectious diseases during pregnancy due to the severity of possible embryofetal lesions. With expanding scientific knowledge and clinical experience about the association of these toxins and infections with significant, at times crippling congenital anomalies, the avoidance of exposure to pregnant mothers has become the most important part of their prevention and management.

The aim of our study was to evaluate oxidative stress and thiol–disulfide homeostasis in term newborns receiving phototherapy. The study was planned as a single-blind, intervention study in a single center with level 3 neonatal intensive care unit to investigate the effect of phototherapy on the oxidative system in term newborns with hyperbilirubinemia. Neonates with hyperbilirubinemia were treated with total body exposure phototherapy technique for 18 h using a Novos® device. Blood samples of 28 term newborns were taken before and after phototherapy. Total and native thiol, total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were measured. The 28 newborn patients included 15 (54%) males and 13 (46%) females with a mean birthweight of 3080.1 ± 366.5 g. Native and total thiol levels were found to be decreased in patients receiving phototherapy (p = 0.021, p = 0.010). Besides, significantly lower TAS and TOS levels were found after phototherapy (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). We found that decreased thiol levels were related to increased oxidative stress. We also determined significantly the lower bilirubin levels after phototherapy (p < 0.001). In conclusion, we found that phototherapy treatment induced decreased oxidative stress associated with hyperbilirubinemia in neonates. Thiol–disulfide homeostasis can be used as a marker of oxidative stress due to hyperbilirubinemia in the early period.