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LMR and NLR independently improved the preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis and survival outcomes. As they are readily available, they could be integrated in a panel of preoperative markers helping selecting patients who have extravesical lymph node involvement and more aggressive disease.

OBJECTIVE To compare the pathological features of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) with papillary RCC (pRCC) and further differentiate type I and II pRCC as independent prognosticators for survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS From September 1994 to February 2007 557 RCCs were treated and reviewed. All patients underwent radical nephrectomy or nephron‐sparing surgery. We reviewed patient data and correlated RCC subtypes to tumour size, pathological stage, nuclear grade, and 5‐year cancer‐specific survival (CSS). pRCC was re‐evaluated in to type I and II. The 2002 Tumour‐Node‐Metastasis and Fuhrman classifications were used. RESULTS In all, 391 (70%) patients had ccRCC, 96 (17%) had pRCC, 34 (6%) had chromophobe RCC, seven (1%) had ductus Bellini RCC and 29 (5%) had unclassified RCC. Upon re‐evaluation 34 patients had type I pRCC and 62 had type II. The pRCCs were significantly smaller than the ccRCCs, at a mean (sd) of 4.5 (2.5) cm vs 5 (2.9) cm (P = 0.013), and multifocal (25% vs 12%, P = 0.001). Whereas patients with ccRCC had significantly more primary metastases (12% vs 3%, P = 0.014). The mean (sd) follow‐up was 42.3 (41.4) months. The 5‐year CSS for M0 patients was 84% for ccRCC and 90% for pRCC (P = 0.573). At multivariate analyses predictors for 5‐year CSS were only tumour size (hazard ratio, HR 2.6, P < 0.001), pathological stage (HR 3.9, P < 0.001) and nuclear grade (HR 2.7, P < 0.001). The type I and II pRCCs had significantly different lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and 5‐year CSS rates (94% vs 74%, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The ccRCCs were significantly larger at diagnosis than the pRCCs. The histological subtype (pRCC vs ccRCC) had no impact on the 5‐year CSS in multivariate analyses. The type I and II pRCCs had similar histopathological features except for a significant difference in LVI. However, the 5‐year CSS was significantly different in type I and II pRCC.

Traumatic diaphragmatic injuries commonly occur following blunt and penetrating trauma, and that may be missed during a first evaluation, resulting in chronic diaphragmatic hernia and/or strangulation. In this study, we present three cases of delayed traumatic diaphragmatic hernias presenting with strangulation. The type of trauma was blunt in two and penetrating in one patient. In all three cases, the diagnoses of diaphragmatic injuries were missed in acute and chronic settings. While two patients had transverse colonic strangulation, the other one had strangulated stomach and spleen. Transverse colon resection was performed in one patient. Two patients had postoperative complications, and no postoperative mortality was detected. Patients complaining of upper abdominal pain and dyspnea with past history of thoracoabdominal trauma should be evaluated for a missed diaphragmatic injury. A high index of suspicion, physical examination of the chest, and x-ray film are helpful for diagnosis of delayed traumatic diaphragmatic hernias presenting with strangulation.

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Approximately, one-third of UTUC patients overexpressed HER2. HER2 overexpression was associated with features of clinically and biologically aggressive disease as well as prognosis. HER2 may represent a good marker for therapeutic risk stratification and potentially a target for therapy in some UTUC tumors.

Preoperative NLR ≥ 3 was associated with aggressive PCa, such as upgrading at RP. Even though its effect on clinical-decision making seems to be limited when all clinical and pathological confounders are taken into account, preoperative NLR may still be useful in selected patients to identify aggressive PCa helping patient selection for active surveillance protocols. Conversely, it does not predict BCR when adjusted for the effect of pathological features.

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