A high preoperative NLR may play an important role in predicting recurrence of superficial transitional cell type high-grade pT1 bladder tumours. Prospective studies are required to validate the role of NLR as a prognostic marker in high-grade pT1 bladder tumours.

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of furosemide given before shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) in patients with renal stones.MethodsTwo-hundred patients with renal stones measuring 6–20 mm in diameter were prospectively included in this study. The treatment group (n=100 patients) received 40 mg furosemide 30 min before SWL plus 1000 mL 0.9% sodium chloride, infused during the procedure. Standard SWL alone was used for the control group (n=100 patients). The effectiveness of SWL was compared between the two groups.ResultsNo statistically significant difference was found between the groups in age, stone size, Hounsfield units, urinary pH, stone density, average number of sessions, average number of pulses or mean energy used. The stone-free rate was 69% in the control group and 71% in the treatment group (p=0.758).ConclusionsAlthough it is an easy and safe application, no positive effects of furosemide and hydration were found.

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The technique was successful in all cases, resulting in controlled, stone-free bladders; there were no surgical complications. The mean operation time was comparable to that of standard management. All patients discharged uneventfully. None reported urethral stricture during the 24-month follow-up period. Percutaneous cystolithotripsy under endoscopic control is easy to perform and should be considered as an alternative for large or multiple bladder stones as it decreases the risk of urethral stricture.

Introduction: The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the histopathological and biochemical effects of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, an antioxidant and inhibitor of NF-kβ, on ischemiareperfusion injury in rats. Methods: A total of 21 male Wistar-Albino rats were randomly distributed into three groups as sham group (Group 1), ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group (Group 2) and I/R with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) group (Group 3). Left testicles of rats in Groups 2 and 3 underwent testicular torsion of 720° for four hours and 100 mg/ kg of PDTC was administered intraperitoneally prior to detorsion in Group 3. An hour after detorsion process, left orchiectomies were performed and 5 ml of intracardiac blood samples were drawn from rats in all three groups. Histopathological examination of testis tissues performed and measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in blood samples were taken. Results: Elevated levels of MDA and decreased SOD activity, together with decreased Johnson tubular biopsy scores consistent with I/R injury were observed in Group 2 (p<0.05). Group 1 and Group 3 were similar in terms of MDA levels, SOD activity, and Johnson scores (p>0.05). Conclusions: Our results indicated that PDTC may have beneficial effects for alleviation of I/R injury in testicular tissue in rats. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and exploration of its diagnostic and therapeutic potential requires further randomized, controlled trials on a larger scale.

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N-acetylcysteine may alleviate undescended testis induced damage to testes through its antioxidant effects. The underlying mechanism of these effects merits further investigation. Long-term studies are also needed as well as comparative animal and human studies.

MMC, bevacizumab, and 5-FU may inhibit UF. There were no statistically significant differences in the effectiveness among the three agents.