The aim of this study was to investigate frequency and degree of ED in patients with severe sleep apnea and to evaluate the results of only continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on ED in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). This was a prospective clinical trial study. Patients with severe sleep apnea (40) were randomized into two groups. Multiple questionnaire investigation and laboratory evaluation were performed for ED, severity of OSAS and psychological status. Group 1 was treated with CPAP and group 2 was treated with only antidepressant medication for at least 1 month. Patients were evaluated after 1 month of therapy and compared with initial ones. Before CPAP, the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)-5 scores were significantly correlated only with body mass index (BMI; P ¼ 0.007) and not correlated significantly with Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores (P ¼ 0.286), lowest SaO 2 (P ¼ 0.182), Beck's Depression Inventory scores (P ¼ 0.302) and apnea/hypopnea index (P ¼ 0.279). After 1 month of regular CPAP usage, mean value of IIEF-5 score was 15.71 ± 5.12 before CPAP and were improved up to 19.06 ± 3.94, statistically significant. All subjects responded positively to the CPAP treatment and their erection status was improved positively. We have found a correlation between severe OSAS and ED. CPAP is effective in improvement of sexual performance of these patients.

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In this prospective study the incidence of gynecomastia was not as high as previously believed. Although prophylactic breast irradiation seemed to decrease the gynecomastia rate in patients on 150 mg bicalutamide, our study proves that not all patients need prophylaxis since only 52% were significantly bothered by gynecomastia. Thus, individual assessment is needed to select patients who need prophylactic radiation while on 150 mg bicalutamide.

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Objective To investigate the expression and importance of the nuclear accumulation of p53 in superficial transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder and its role as a predictor of response to treatment. Patients and methods Tumour samples from 30 patients (two women and 28 men, mean age 60.1 years, range 44–75) with pTa/pT1 tumours were assessed immunohistochemically using the Pab1801 monoclonal antibody and standard avidin‐biotin peroxidase staining for p53 protein. Results Tumours from six patients (20%) showed nuclear accumulation of p53; five of these patients failed intravesical therapy with bacille Calmette‐Guèrin (BCG) and progressed to muscle invasive and/or metastatic disease, in contrast to six of 24 patients with no detectable nuclear oncoprotein. Conclusions The nuclear accumulation of p53 appears to be a prognostic indicator of tumour unresponsive to intravesical treatment, even with the most potent agent (BCG). Therefore, early radical treatment modalities must be seriously considered in this group of patients.

The new BPH-specific QoL was shown to be reliable and valid.

Objectives:To evaluate PSA-age volume (AV) scores in predicting positive prostate biopsy findings in Turkey.Materials and Methods:PSA-AV was calculated by multiplying the patient's age by the prostate volume and dividing it by the PSA level. Sensitivities and specificities of the PSA-AV were assessed by retrospective analysis of findings from 4,717 prostate biopsies.Results:The population's average age was 63.71±7.63 years, the mean PSA level was 9.73±17.01ng/mL, the mean prostate volume was 44.46±23.88 cm3. Of the 4,717 prostate biopsies, 1,171 biopsy specimens (24.8%) were positive for prostate cancer. A PSA-AV score of 700 had a sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 15%, respectively. These values were similar to the sensitivity and specificity for a PSA cut-off of 4ng/mL (94% and 13%, respectively). Although the sensitivity of a PSA-AV cut-off of 700 in patients over 60 years was similar to the PSA cut-off of 4ng/mL and the age-adjusted PSA, in patients <60 years, its sensitivity was higher. While the sensitivities of a PSA-AV cut-off of 700 in patients with low prostate volume was higher than a PSA cut-off of 4ng/ mL, the sensitivities of both methods with moderate prostate volumes were similar.Conclusions:Considering all the biopsies, the sensitivity and specificity of a PSA-AV of 700 for predicting positive biopsy findings were similar to a PSA of 4ng/mL. We suggest the PSA-AV cut-off of 700 should only be used in patients younger than 60 with low prostate volumes (<20cm3).