Made the purpose of this study is to examine to see disabled athletes according to the dimensions of the scale of motivation in sport. The study group is comprised of 168 visually impaired athletes in total, including 51 females and 117 males, identified by the targeted sampling method, between the ages of 15-25, who do sports at elite level. The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) was developed by Pelletier (1995) basing on the Theory of Self Determination by Deci and Ryan (1985). The purpose of SMS is to determine the level of "internal motivation, external motivation and nonmotivation" of the person in the sports environment and to identify the source of motivation of the person (Kazak, 2004). Validity and reliability of the scale for Turkish athletes was studied by Kazak (2004). In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that to know and succeed and to experience stimuli and identification subdimensions are effective in sports attendance of visually impaired athletes engaged in sports at elite level. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that age, education level and sports branch variables have an impact on tendency for sports. It can be concluded that compared to older athletes, younger athletes have low tendency for sports because of anxiety and embarrassment and are not conscious about why they do sports. It has been concluded that athletes of weight lifting and judo, which have contribution to physical development at the top level, believe the nature of their sports branch contributes more to their physical development and their strength is acknowledged and appreciated by other people.
ÖzBu çalışmanın amacı taekwondo hakemleri ve antrenörlerinin ego, kişilik ve saldırganlık düzeylerinin cinsiyet faktörüne göre incelenmesidir. Çalışma verileri Antalya ilinde gerçekleştirilen taekwondo hakem ve antrenörleri seminerinde elde edilmiştir. Araştırma verileri saldırganlık ölçeği, eysenck kişilik anketi kısaltılmış formu, görev ve ego yönelimi ölçeği anketi ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklem grubu, bayan (n=86), erkek (n=112), toplam 198 taekwondo hakem ve antrenöründen oluşmaktadır. İstatistiksel analizler 0.05 anlamlılık düzeyinde değerlendirilmiş olup, cinsiyet değişkeni karşılaştırmasında Independent Samples-T test kullanılmıştır. Yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda; bayan ve erkeklerin tüm ölçeklerdeki alt boyutları karşılaştırılmış ve saldırganlık envanterinin yıkıcı alt boyutunda anlamlı farklılık çıkmıştır (p<0.05). Erkeklerin saldırganlık envanterinin yıkıcı alt boyutu oranının bayanlardan daha fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ego ve kişilik envanterinde hakem ve antrenörlerde cinsiyet faktörüne göre anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilmemiştir (p>0.05).
Aggression and violence have been a customary part of life that mankind has had to live with from the beginning of time; it has been accepted by society even though it expresses endless negativity. Aggression and violence can find a place in sports events and football games because of the social problems of the audience watching the competitions or games, which sometimes fall into the category of hooliganism. Turkey is one of the countries that should consider this problem to be a serious social problem. Even during 2014 and 2015, a relatively short period of time, there were significant hazardous acts committed by hooligans. In February 2014, one supporter was killed after a game between Liverpool and Arsenal in England; in March 2014, a game between Trabzonspor and Fenerbahce was left half-finished because of violent acts in the stadium that caused players in the pitch to believe that they could not leave stadium alive, although they finally left after a few hours; in another incident in March 2014, one supporter was killed after a game between Helsingborg and Djugarden in Sweden; in November 2014, one supporter was killed and 14 supporters were injured before the game between Atletico Madrid and Deportivo in Spain. These are all examples of aggression, violence, and hooliganism in football. This paper aims to discuss aggression, violence, and hooliganism in football, especially in recent years, and investigate what can be done to prevent these acts from occurring again in the future by examining them in hindsight.
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