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This study investigated the novel associations between intrinsic and extrinsic aspirations and internal and external domains of contingent self-worth among a sample of 502 Iranian university students. We found a meaningful pattern showing that intrinsic aspirations were positively associated with internal domains, whereas extrinsic aspirations were positively associated with external domains. Our survey data also suggested that the factor structure of the Aspiration Index, as well as the factor structure of the Contingencies of Self-Worth Scale in our Iranian sample were consistent with factor structures of foreign samples. Finally, the types of aspirations and domains of contingencies of self-worth meaningfully predicted variables related to well-being, confirming previous research. We discuss the nature of the associations between the aspirations and the domains of contingent self-worth.

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Background: According to the observations, antisocial behaviors are among major behaviors among male and female students. People with antisocial behaviors suffer from problems with respect to the quality of life. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the relationship between parenting styles, self-compassion, and emotional intelligence with antisocial behaviors in students. Methods:The population included all students in Shiraz, Iran in the academic year of 2016. The sample was comprised of 148 students (74 male and 74 female) who were selected randomly through multi-stage sampling method. The instruments used in the study were parenting style questionnaire, self-compassionate scale (SCS), trait meta mood scale (TMMS), and Levenson antisocial behavior scale. Extracted data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression statistics in SPSS version 21. Results: Authoritarian parenting style (t = 2.08, B = 0.17, P =0.03), permissive parenting style (t = 2.16, B = 0.16, P= 0.01), selfcompassion (t = -4.08, B = -0.31, P= 0.00), and emotional intelligence (t = -2.93, B = -0.28, P = 0.01) are predictors of antisocial behaviors. According to multiple regression analysis, authoritarian parenting style, permissive parenting style, self-compassion, and emotional intelligence were significant predictors of antisocial behavior. Moreover, authoritative parenting style was not included in the analysis. Conclusions: Authoritarian parenting style, permissive parenting style, self-compassion, and emotional intelligence should be highly regarded as they highly predict antisocial behavior.

Objective Patients suffering from cancer need to receive care from their family; however, their family caregivers do this without preparation or training, so their involvement in patients’ care results in a caregiving burden that may affect patient’s hope and quality of life (QOL). Methods This study examines the effect of caregiving burden on the QOL of cancer patients (n = 100) with the mediatory role of hope and shame. To achieve this, Persian versions of Zarit Burden Interview, the World Health Organization QOL, Herth Hope Index, and Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale were used. Meanwhile, path regression analysis was implemented to analyze the relationship between caregiving burden and QOL. Results The results implied a relation among caregiver burden, hope, and QOL of patients diagnosed with cancer. It was found that there is a direct and negative relationship between caregiver burden and hope. In addition, there was an indirect and positive relationship between caregiver burden and QOL. Hope and QOL also had a high correlation. Besides, it was shown that there was a negative relationship between the shame experienced by patients and their hope and QOL. Conclusion caregiver burden was proved to be influential and negatively affected the factor for the QOL. Besides, patients’ hope decreases while caregiving burden increases; this will in turn affect patients’ recovery and their physical, mental, and cognitive functions. This study provides a foundation for future research in this critical area for oncology.

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